Whole plant differences between

Table II. Whole-plant differences between triazine resistant and susceptible biotypes ...

The techniques of molecular biology have particular potential for rapidly introducing small numbers of single genes. Unfortunately there is strong evidence that the complex compensation mechanisms that exist in plants, and the interactions between different whole-plant and biochemical responses to stress, will make the direct improvement of environmental stress tolerance in crop plants by genetic engineering rather more difficult... 

As discussed in Sections 14.2 and 14.3, a critical difference between batch and continuous processes lies in equipment utilization. The complexity (or simplicity) of synthesis and isolation is a critical factor in determining whether a whole process is viable for switching from B2C. Given that it takes an average of eight synthetic steps to produce an API from raw materials [51], it is clear that the average API manufacturing process is probably too complex in its current form. Reduction in the number of process steps for a continuous process will, to a first approximation, reduce the plant costs pro rata. 

For comparison purposes, plant data and reconciled data, both with and without bias treatment, over the whole operating cycle of the pyrolysis reactor for some variables are plotted in Fig. 8. This figure clearly shows that the measurements obtained from coil 2 are biased. There were not many differences between measured and reconciled values for the other variables. 

Homogenization is needed because whole plants are known to contain different amounts of compounds (drugs) in different tissues within the plant. The amount reported will depend upon the tissue being analysed. Since it is not always easy to determine from the drug sample what the tissue is, or it is not practical to dissect out the different tissues, the easiest way to address this problem is to homogenize the samples. This ensures that any comparison between samples is meaningful. 

Most of the dimeric phenanthrenoids are C-C linked between the two units. However, phoyurmanin E (420) from whole plant of Pholidota yunnanensis ROLFE. is connected at C-1 and C-7 through an ether bond [5]. In these studies on the allelochemical interaction, between the wetland plant Juncus acutus and microalgae, six unusual dimeric 9,10-dihydro- phenanthrenoids 426-431, have been isolated and identified [190,191] as having different connection patterns. Fig. (20). 

While the triazine resistant biotypes of virtually all weed species studied differ substantially from their susceptible counterparts in photosynthetic efficiency at the level of the light reactions, data describing whole plant performance is actually quite variable. For example, in one report, relative differences in C02 assimilation rate between susceptible and resistant biotypes varied among six species examined 136). In other reports, resistant biotypes were actually more productive and competitive than susceptible under some conditions (49-51). It is difficult to interpret such data since most research to date has been conducted with weed populations of uncertain genetic backgrounds. 

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