White rot fungus

White rot fungus Fungus that attacks lignin, along with cellulose, and hemicellulose, leading to a marked lightening of the infected wood. 

White-rot fungus has been used as a biocatalyst for reduction and alkylation. The reaction of aromatic -keto nitriles with the white-rot fungus Curvularia lunata CECT 2130 in the presence of alcohols afforded alkylation-reduction reaction [291]. Alcohols such as ethanol, propanol, butanol, and isobutanol could be used (Figure 8.39d). 

Bnmpus JA, SD Aust (1987) Biodegradation of DDT [l,Ll-trichloro-2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl)ethane] by the white rot fungus Phanerochaete chrysosporium. Appl Environ Microbiol 53 2001-2008. 

Kennedy DW, SD Aust, JA Bumpus (1990) Comparative biodegradation of aUcyl halide insecticides by the white rot fungus, Phanerochaete chrysosporium (BKM-F-1767). Appl Environ Microbiol 56 2347-2353. Khanna P, B Rajkumar, N Jothikumar (1992) Anoxygenic degradation of aromatic substances by Rhodopseu-domonas palustris. Curr Microbiol 25 63-67. 

Mileski G, JA Bumpus, MA Jurek, SD Aust (1988) Biodegradation of pentachlorophenol by the white rot fungus, Phanerochaete chrysosporium. Appl Environ Microbiol 54 2885-2889. 

Yadav JS, RE Wallace, CA Reddy (1995) Mineralization of mono- and dichlorobenzenes and simultaneous degradation of chloro- and methyl-substituted benzenes by the white-rot fungus Phanerochaete chryso-sporium. Appl Environ Microbiol 61 677-680. 

Arjmand M, H Sandermann (1985) Mineralization of chloroaniline/lignin conjugates and of free chloroani-lines by the white rot fungus Phanerochaete chrysosporium. J Agric Pood Chem 33 1055-1060. 

The degradation of BTEX both individually or in admixture has been shown in a lignindegrading white-rot fungus under nonlignolytic conditions, and was confirmed with ring-labeled toluene (Yadav and Reddy 1993). Interest in fungal transformation of PAHs is noted in the next part of this chapter, and illustrative examples of the hydroxylation of monocyclic arenes include the following (Smith and Rosazza 1983) ... 

Bezalel L, Y Hadar, CE Cerniglia (1996a) Mineralization of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by the white-rot fungus Pleurotus ostreatus. Appl Environ Microbiol 62 292-295. 

Yadav JS, JF Quensen, JM Tiedje, CA Reddy (1995) Degradation of polychlorinated biphenyl mixtures (Aro-chlors 1242, 1254, 1260) by the white rot fungus Phanerochaete chrysosporium as evidenced by congener-specific analysis. Appl Environ Microbiol 61 2560-2565. 

Kotterman Mil, EH Vis, JA Field (1998) Successive mineralization and detoxification of benzo[a]pyrene by the white-rot fungus Bjerkandera sp strain BOS55 and indigenous microflora. Appl Environ Microbiol 64 2853-2858. 

To date, very few works deal with the degradation of UV filters both in liquid and in solid media. In particular, there is a lack of data on biodegradation of UV filters by fungi. Recently, an attempt to fill this gap has been carried out by assessing the potential of the white-rot fungus T. versicolor to degrade selected UV filters. 

Hofrichter, M., and Fritsche, W., Depolymerization of Low-Rank Coal by Extracellular Fungal Enzyme Systems. 3. In Vitro Depolymerization of Coal Humic Acids by a Crude Preparation of Manganese Peroxidase From the White-Rot Fungus Nematoloma Frowardii B19. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 1997. 47(5) pp. 566-571. 

Direct Fast Scarlet 4BS Consortium of a white-rot fungus and Pseudomonas 1-10 isolated from wastewater The microbial consortium showed a significant improvement in dye decolorization rates under either static or shaking culture. The 4BS was mineralized completely [89]... 

Apohan E, Yeslada O (2005) Role of white rot fungus Funalia trogii in detoxification of textile dyes. J Basic Microbiol 45 99-105... 

Keywords Azo dye, Biodegradation, Decolorization, Laccase, Peroxidase, White rot fungus... 

Scheibner K, Hofrichter M, Fritsche W (1997) Mineralization of 2-amino-4, 6-dinitrotoluene by manganese peroxidase of the white-rot fungus Nematoloma frowardii. Biotechnol Lett... 

Kariminiaae-FIamedaani FIR, Sakurai A, Sakakibara M (2007) Decolorization of synthetic dyes by a new manganese peroxidase-producing white rot fungus. Dyes Pigm 72 157-162... 

Zhao X, Flardin IR, Flwanga FIM (2006) Biodegradation of a model azo disperse dye by the white rot fungus Pleurotus ostreatus. Int Biodeterior Biodegradation 57(1) 1-6... 

Revankar MS, Lele SS (2007) Synthetic dye decolourization by white rot fungus, Ganoderma sp. WR-1. Bioresour Technol 98 775-780... 

Decolorization of polymeric dyes Poly R-478 (polyanthraquinone-based) and Poly S-l 19 (azo dye) by immobibzed white rot fungus Crysosporium lignorum CL1 on circular plastic packing material in 2L air-lift fermenter was studied by Buckley and Dobson [47]. They also examined the relationship between polymeric dye decolorization and the production of LiP and MnP activity in its statistically growth... 

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