Well-measuring strand

Well-measuring strand shall be bright (uncoated) or drawn-galvanized. Well-measuring strand shall be left lay. The lay of the finished strand shall not exceed 10 times the nominal diameter. 

Well-measuring strands may be of various combinations of wires but are commonly furnished in 1x16 (1-6-9) and 1x19 (1-6-12) constructions. 

Well-measuring strands shall conform to the properties listed in Table 4-29. To test finished strands to their breaking strength, suitable sockets or other acceptable means of holding small cords shall be used. 

CV measurements showed that the reversible eleetrode reaetion of the [Fe(CN)6]" redox eouple was suppressed to some extent by the treatment with the DNA. The addition of the anti-DNA antibody further suppressed the redox reaetion thus decreasing the magnitudes of the CV peak currents. This is most likely caused by a steric hindrance of the bulky protein, which binds to the DNA double strands on the electrode surface, to mainly reduce the effective area of the electrode. The electrostatic repulsive effect may also contribute to the electrode response, since the isoelectric point of mouse IgM is commonly in the range of 4.5 to 7.0. Figure 11 shows the relationship between the decrease in the anodic peak current (A/p ) and the antibody concentration. As seen in this figure, the electrode system responded to the anti-DNA antibody in the concentration range of 1 — 100 nM. For the case of the mouse IgM, which does not interact with double-stranded DNA, the present system gave almost no response. The sensor did not respond to other serum proteins as well (data not shown). 

Krimm, 1968a,b Mattice and Mandelkern, 1971 Krimm and Tiffany, 1974). This conformation is similar to that of a single strand from collagen, with average backbone dihedrals of (0,0) = ( 75°, +145°). These dihedrals lead to an extended left-handed helical conformation with precisely three residues per turn and 9 A between residues i and i + 3 (measured Cft to C/3). A cartoon of a seven-residue alanine peptide in this conformation is shown in Figure 1. Notably, backbone carbonyl and amide groups point perpendicularly out from the helical axis into the solvent and are well-exposed. 

Practical Considerations. Typical absorption assay methods utilize ultraviolet (UV) or visible (vis) wavelengths. With most spectrophotometers, the measured absorbance should be less than 1.2 to obtain a strictly linear relationship (/.c., to obey the Beer-Lambert Law). Nonlinear A versus c plots can result from micelle formation, sample turbidity, the presence of stray light (see below), bubble formation, stacking of aromatic chromophores, and even the presence of fine cotton strands from tissue used to clean the faces of cuvettes. One is well advised to confirm the linearity of absorbance with respect to product (or substrate) concentration under the exact assay conditions to be employed in... 

These observations suggested that strands 10 and 11 and strand 12 did not assemble into H bonded polymers as expected. Instead, they seemed to have formed highly stable, well-defined discrete species. Such a conclusion was confirmed by VPO and mass spectrometry measurements. VPO experiments showed that, in solution, 10 and... 

Because both charge transport and conduction are facilitated by electron motion between stacked base pairs, one expects that single-strand DNA should conduct far less well than double strand. Measurements both of rate constants and of conduction [62] indeed show that single-strand DNA is a far less capable transfer and transport agent for charge than is the duplex. 

The kinetic theory of rubber elasticity is so well known and exhaustively discussed (17, 27, 256-257, 267) that the remarks here will be confined to questions which relate only to its application in determining the concentration of elastically effective strands. In principle, both network swelling properties and elasticity measurements can provide information on network characteristics. However, swelling measurements require the evaluation of an additional parameter, the polymer-solvent interaction coefficient. They also involve examining the network in two states, one of which differs from its as-formed state. This raises some theoretical difficulties which will be discussed later. Questions on local non-uniformity in swelling (17) also complicate the interpretation. The results described here will therefore concern elasticity measurements alone. 

The active strand concentration v is obtained from measurements of the initial modulus using Eq.(7.2) with g = 1. Values of v for samples at the same crosslink density but with different primary molecular weights are extrapolated to 1/M=0, giving vc + ve. Values of vc + ve obtained at two or more crosslink densities provide ve, and hence Me, by extrapolation. An advantage of this method is that only relative values of crosslink density must be known absolute values of vc are not required. If absolute values of vc are known, the g factor can be evaluated as well. 

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