Weighting procedure

Correct weighting procedures for least-squares analysis have been discussed in... 

This weighting procedure for the linearized Arrhenius equation depends upon the validity of Eq. (6-7) for estimating the variance of y = In k. It will be recalled that this equation is an approximation, achieved by truncating a Taylor s series expansion at the linear term. With poor precision in the data this approximation may not be acceptable. A better estimate may be obtained by truncating after the quadratic term the result is... 

The strongly occupied pre-NAOs for each centre are made orthogonal to all the strongly occupied pre-NAOs on the other centres by an occupancy-weighted procedure. 

Another requirement is to recognize that costs and outcomes in the more distant future might not be valued as highly as those occurring sooner. This is characteristic of most people s rates of time preference, and an evaluation spanning many years will usually need to discount later costs and outcomes back to a present value by an appropriate weighting procedure. 

The interpolation method was extended to include multiple electronic states by requiring that the same data points be used to interpolate all electronic states. These points were chosen (by the prescreened /r-weight procedure) from classical trajectories that run alternately on each of the electronic states. 

J). Variable Q in Equation 20.11 is represented by concentration (mol cm-3) at one of the two blocks, depending on whether groundwater flows in the positive or negative x direction this formality reflects the choice of a backward-in-space (or upstream weighted) procedure. The parallel equations for the other faces are, ... 

Many software packages provide only a limited selection of weighting procedures. The most commonly apphed weighting procedure is based on the assumption that the standard deviation of the concentration is proportional to the measured concentration. In that case, the objective function may be simplified to ... 

The average accuracy of the data was 4.9% for volume, 2.5% for mass and 5.6% for the particulate matter levels. Future improvements in our technique of measurement of Ah will permit a decrease in the uncertainty of PMi0 levels to about 4%. Further decreases in the final error are limited by the quality of mass measurements. For example, a decrease of 0.001 g in the uncertainty of mass measurements will reduce the PM10 final error to a value as low as 0.5%. Thus, we are now focusing efforts in the improvement of our weighting procedure, particularly in what concerns ambient conditions for the operation of the analytical balance. 

Dosing of solid reagents (powders) employing a novel weighting procedure (20-1000 mg). 

Normalization is an optional step in impact assessment. The impacts are now compared on a scale of inhabitant equivalents rather than that of 100%. Normalization only reveals which effects are large and which effects are small in relative terms. A weighting procedure (Figure 18.7) can be applied to the normalization results. This scales the results to a certain level of seriousness. Weighting is a subjective step. According to ISO 14042, weighting may not be used in the case of public comparisons between products. In the final step, SimaPro can add up all the evaluation scores to give a total impact score for each subassembly element. 

One also notices that the population-weighting procedure of Scheme 1.3, with/ = 1 and/2 = 1/2, gives a diminished bond multiplicity ... 

A simple example of common occurrence will illustrate the difference between the two weighting procedures. Consider a simple first order disappearance of A whose rate equation is... 

FIGURE6.1 (a) Graphical depiction of the coarse/fine grids for the hybrid higher order FDTD method, (b) Detail of the previous lattice for the first weighting procedure. The tilde over the electric and magnetic components represents fine-grid field values... 

Several different weighting procedures are considered and performed (Fig. 2). 

EXAMPLE 11.16 Change the data set of Table 11.3 by adding a value of the vapor pressure at 70 °C of 421 torr 40torr. Find the least-squares line using both the unweighted and weighted procedures. 

SOLUTION After the point was added, the unweighted procedure was carried out as in Example 11.10, and the weighted procedure was carried out as in Example 11.15. The results were For the unweighted procedure,... 

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