Weight Ratio Calculations

Results obtained using these digestion methods are reported on a wet basis. To report a dry-weight basis, a subset of the tissue or fish to be analyzed can be oven-dried and a wet-to-dry weight ratio calculated. The ratio can be used to report metal concentrations in terms of dry weight. 

Use the molecular weight ratio to calculate the apparent extent of reaction of the caprolactam in these systems. Is the variation in p qualitatively consistent with your expectations of the effect of increased water content in the system Plot p versus moisture content and estimate by extrapolation the equilibrium moisture content of nylon-6 at 255 C. Does the apparent equilibrium moisture content of this polymer seem consistent with the value given in Sec. 5.6 for nylon-6,6 at 290°C ... 

The optimum modulus occurs at about a 2 1 weight ratio of OTOS to OBTS. Similar optimums have been observed with other accelerator combinations. The examples shown in Figure 4 are calculated from regression equations developed from designed experiments in a black-filled natural mbber compound. On a molar basis, the synergistic accelerator complex appears to consist of two dithiocarbamate ligands and one mercaptobenzothiazole moiety, as shown in stmcture (15) (14). 

If the initiation reaction is much faster than the propagation reaction, then all chains start to grow at the same time. Because there is no inherent termination step, the statistical distribution of chain lengths is very narrow. The average molecular weight is calculated from the mole ratio of monomer-to-initiator sites. Chain termination is usually accompHshed by adding proton donors, eg, water or alcohols, or electrophiles such as carbon dioxide. 

The preceding equations, which have assumed that both the air and the water vapor benave as ideal gases, are sufficiently accurate for most engineering calculations. If it is desired to remove the restriction that water vapor oehave as an ideal gas, the aclual density ratio should be used in place of the molecular-weight ratio in Eqs. (12-5) and (12-6). 

For shortcut calculations the partition ratio K in Bancroft [Phys. Rev., 3, 120 (1895)] coordinates using the weight ratio of solute to extraction solvent in the extract phase Y and the weight ratio of solute to feed solvent in the raffinate phase X is preferred [Eq. (15-3)]. 

In shortcut calculations the slope of the equilibrium line in Bancroft (weight-ratio) coordinates m is also used [Eq. (15-4)]. 

For the McCabe-Thiele type of graphical calculations and shortcut methods, the Bancroft (weight-ratio) concentrations can be used on... 

To the designer, the specific gravity is useful in calculating strength-to-weight and cost-to-weight ratios, and as a means of identifying a material. 

Standard deviations were calculated for Figure 7-9 for the five samples on each of which at least five determinations had been made. These standard deviations range roughly from 3 to 10% of the weight ratios. 

Example 57 The three files can be used to assess the risk structure for a given set of parameters and either four, five, or six repeat measurements that go into the mean. At the bottom, there is an indicator that shows whether the 95% confidence limits on the mean are both within the set limits ( YES ) or not ( NO ). Now, for an uncertainty in the drug/weight ratio of 1%, a weight variability of 2%, a measurement uncertainty of 0.4%, and fi 3.5% from the nearest specification limit, the ratio of OOS measurements associated with YES as opposed to those associated with NO was found to be 0 50 (n == 4), 11 39 (n = 5), respectively 24 26 (u = 6). This nicely illustrates that it is possible for a mean to be definitely inside some limit and to have individual measurements outside the same limit purely by chance. In a simulation on the basis of 1000 sets of n - 4 numbers e ND(0, 1), the Xmean. Sx, and CL(Xmean) were calculated, and the results were categorized according to the following criteria ... 

Put in another way, the E factor represents the ratio of kilos in to kilos out i.e. it is the mass balance or the weight ratio of all the raw materials, including solvent losses, to the amount of desired product. It can be readily calculated for a particular product line, production site, or even a whole company. It is quite amazing, therefore, that so few... 

No correction for molecular weights was necessary for derivatized HMS, because the injection standards were derivatized simultaneously with the samples. However, a correction factor was needed for calculating the recovered amount of SCA since the SCA was quantitated as DMS. The correction factor (molecular weight ratio) between SCA and DMS was 1.12 (417/373 417 = molecular weight of SCA and 373 = molecular weight of DMS). To calculate the amount of SCA, use the above equation, which will yield DMS (ng), then multiply that value by 1.12 to convert to nanograms of SCA. 

This is the easiest case for NMR (and other analytical techniques). What we are looking for is the relative proportion of compounds in a mixture. To do this, we identify a signal in one compound and a signal in the other. We then normalise these signals for the number of protons that they represent and perform a simple ratio calculation. This gives us the molar ratio of the two compounds. If we know the structure (or the molecular weight) of these compounds, then we can calculate their mass ratio. 

An optically pure polyester has been synthesized by PPL-catalyzed enantioselective polymerization of bis(2,2,2-trichloroethyl) frans-3,4-epoxyadipate with 1,4-butanediol in anhydrous diethyl ether (Fig. 4) [47]. The molar ratio of the diester to the diol was adjusted to 2 1 so as to produce the (-) polymer with enantiomeric purity of > 96 %. From end group analysis, the molecular weight was calculated to be 5.3 x 103. 

The following natural precursors have been selected for KOH activation coal (C), coal semi-coke (CS), pitch semi-coke (PS) and pitch mesophase (PM). An industrial activated carbon (AC) was also used. Activation was performed at 800°C in KOH with 4 1 (C KOH) weight ratio, for 5 hours, followed by a careful washing of the samples with 10% HC1 and distilled water. The activation process supplied highly microporous carbons with BET specific surface areas from 1900 to 3150 m2/g. The BET surface area together with the micro and the total pore volume of the KOH-activated carbons are presented in Table 1. The mean micropore width calculated from the Dubinin equation is designed as LD. 

The liquid propellant rocket combination nitrogen tetroxide (N204) and IJDMII (unsymmetrical dimethyl hydrazine) has optimum performance at an oxidizer-to-fuel weight ratio of 2 at a chamber pressure of 67 atm. Assume that the products of combustion of this mixture are N2, C02, H20, CO, H2, O, H, OH, and NO. Set down the equations necessary to calculate the adiabatic combustion temperature and the actual product composition under these conditions. These equations should contain all the numerical... 

The atomic ratio of Rb/ Sr may be calculated from the elemental weight ratio of Rb/Sr ... 

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