Weight-gain determinations

The rate of electroless plating can be measured by several different methods, including nonelectrochemical techniques, such as those based on weight gain determination, electrical resistance measurement, and optical transmission measurement. The latter methods have been adopted to continuously determine plating rates for the purpose of process control. Electrochemical methods described below have also proven to be useful for automatic control of various electroless processes. 

The business plan needs to provide projections of aimual production. Based on those estimates and assumed food conversion rates (food conversion is calculated by determining the amount of feed consumed by the animals for each kilogram of weight gain), an estimate of feed costs can be made. For many aquaculture ventures, between 40 and 50% of the variable costs involved in aquaculture can be attributed to feed. 

The objective of the immersion test is to determine the moisture content (percent weight gain) of a material as a function of its immersion time. To interpret immersion test data, moisture diffusion through the thickness of a test specimen can be described using a one-dimensional Fickian equation... 

Successful management of overweight and obesity is determined by the ability the treatment plan has to (1) prevent weight gain,... 

Martikainen, P. T., and M. G. Marmot. Socioeconomic differences in weight gain and determinants and consequences of coronary risk factors. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 69(4)( 1999) 719-726. 

Regardless of the insulin regimen chosen, gross adjustments in the total daily insulin dose can be made based on A1C measurements and symptoms such as polyuria, polydipsia, and weight gain or loss. Finer insulin adjustments can be determined on the basis of the results of frequent SMBG. 

Calcium contents of whole rats were determined at the end of the experiment. Weight gains and calcium retentions were better when the animals were fed tomatoes than when they were fed spinach, even though the calcium intake on the higher level of spinach was about 20 times greater than when tomatoes were fed. 

For chronic exposure in animals, only one oral study in rats (hydrogen cyanide) was located (Howard and Hanzal 1955). However, the reliability of this study is low because of the unstable cyanide levels in their feed throughout the experiment due to evaporation of cyanide. Furthermore, no effects were found in the study besides nondose-related changes in weight gain in female rats, but not in male rats. No chronic studies in animals were located for the inhalation and dermal routes. Therefore, data are not sufficient to derive MRL values for chronic exposure. Additional chronic-duration studies in animals would be helpful to determine thresholds for target organs. 

The percent reaction was typically determined by elemental analysis however, in the case of cross-linked polymers, the percent reaction was also evaluated by titrating the amount of chloride liberated and by measuring the weight gain of the polymer resin. All three methods gave comparable results (within 2-3%). 

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