Weavers studies

However, Weaver considered that tfie inclusion of gold in the above list made any such analogous explanation unlikely for the metal/polymer interfaces. 

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In order to compare the merits of the different finite-difference schemes, McCracken, Leefe, and Weaver studied solutions with different U2/U1 ratios for a modified step forcing (Table 8.2) with 50 space increments and Az and At both set to 0.01. 

Weaver J H 1992 Fullerenes and fullerides photoemission and soanning tunneling miorosoopy studies Accou/rfs. Chem. Res. 25 143-9... 

Weaver J H 1992 Eleotronio struotures of Cgg, C g and the fullerides—photoemission and inverse photoemission studies J. Phys. Chem. Solids 53 1433... 

Figure 8 Spectroscopic study of GaAs(110). With a positive voltage on the STM tip, the left-hand image represents As atoms, while the corresponding negative tip voltage on the right shows Ga atoms. (Courtesy of Y. Yang and J.H. Weaver, University of Minnesota)...

Weaver, J. L. (1986). Unitization of Oil and Gas Fields in Texas A Study of Legislative, Administrative, and Judieial Policies. Washington, DC Resources for the Future. 

It is appropriate to add here some comments on diazotization in anhydrous carboxylic acids. They may be relevant for the diazotization of heteroaromatic amines carried out in acetic acid/propionic acid mixtures (Sec. 2.2). Extensive studies by Casado et al. (1983, 1984) showed that in nitrosation of secondary amines the nitrosyl ion, nitrosyl acetate, and dinitrogen trioxide are formed, and all three may act as nitrosating agents. The results do not, however, account for the considerable improvement that is claimed in the patent literature (Weaver and Shuttleworth, 1982) to result from the addition of carboxylic acids in the diazotization of heteroaromatic amines. 

For leading references see S. Wolfe, L. A. LaJohn and D. F. Weaver, Tetrahedron Letters, 25, 2863 (1984) Cor study of a-lithiosulfinyl carbanion initiated oligomerization, see M. Buese and T. E. Hogan-Esch, J. Amer. Chem. Soc., 107,4509 (1985) for a study of a-lithiosulfinyl carbanion alkylation in a cyclic system, see Y. Tamura, J. Uenishi and H. Ishibashi, Chem. Pharm. Bull., 32, 891 and 898 (1984). 

The first IR studies detected the formation and adsorption of CO, and therefore CO was proposed as the poisoning intermediate [Beden et al., 1981 Nichols and Bewick, 1988 Corrigan and Weaver, 1988]. The formation of CO is stmcture-dependent and takes place at open circuit, and the maximum amount accumulated on the electrode... 

Chang SC, Hamelin A, Weaver MJ. 1991. Dependence of the electrooxidation rates of carbon monoxide at gold on the surface crystallographic orientation A combined kinetic-surface infrared spectroscopy study. J Phys Chem 95 5560-5567. 

CO forms intermixed adlayers with most of the p-block adatoms. CO oxidation from mixed adlayers with Bi [Chang and Weaver, 1991 Herrero et al., 1995a, d]. As [Herrero et al., 1995d], Sb [Kizhakevariam and Weaver, 1994], Se [Herrero et al., 1996], and Te [Herrero et al., 1996] on Pt(l 11) has been studied. The formation of... 

Kizhakevariam N, Weaver MJ. 1994. Structure and reactivity of bimetaUic electrochemical interfaces Infrared spectroscopy studies of carbon monoxide adsorption and formic acid electrooxidation on antimony-modified Pt(lOO) and Pt(lll). Surf Sci 310 183-197. 

Corrigan DS, Krauskopf EK, RiceLM, Wieckowski A, Weaver MJ. 1988. Adsorption of acetic acid at platinum and gold electrodes— A combined infrared spectroscopic and radiotracer study. J Phys Chem 92 1596-1601. 

Kaptchuk returned from China a proponent of acupuncture and wrote The Web That Has No Weaver, the classic explanation of Chinese medicine for Western readers.3 But over time he came to wonder whether the effects of acupuncture might be at least partly due to the placebo effect. To answer that question, he taught himself how to design research studies, and he did so well enough to obtain funding from the National Institutes of Health and publish more than ioo articles in leading medical journals. No wonder Harvard saw fit to hire and promote him, despite his rather unusual academic credentials. 

Weaver [40] studied alternate cathode materials at 650 °C, finding several that performed well. Steady-state polarization on Ni, Co and Fe porous electrodes operating as cathodes in a MCFC, with a standard (Li/K)2 C03 tile is shown in Figs. 30-32. Note that the oxidant gas fed to these cathodes is, in normal MCFC operation, the fuel, composed of 32.5% H2, 17.5% COz, 17.5% H20, the balance N2. Polarizations were first taken with this clean gas where the only reaction can be Eq. (35). After steady-state was attained, 0.65% H2S was added and sufficient time allowed for the electrode to convert to the sulfides. After 24 hours, the outlet H2S reached the inlet level and polarizations were measured. Note in Figs. 30-32, that the performance with H2S is significantly improved over the clean gas. (The Ni sample was a commercial (Gould) MCFC electrode the Co and Fe were pressed from powders. Each gas was 8 sq cm in superficial area). The improvement is probably due to a catalytic mechanism involving sulfur interactions with the electrode, as, for Co ... 

An elegant example of the application of in situ FTIR to the study of absorbed species is provided by the work of Corrigan and Weaver (1986). As well as being extremely interesting in terms of the system under study, the work of these authors represents an important step towards the further development of in situ FTIR. If the approach is to attain its full potential, then it must be capable of providing quantitative as well as qualitative information. 

Corrigan and Weaver employed the PDIR approach to study the potential-dependent adsorption of azide, N , at a silver electrode. The potential was switched between the reference value, —0.97 V vs. SCE (where adsorption is known to be limited) and the working potential every 30-60 scans, i.e. up to a minute per step, to a total of c. 1000 scans. The high number of scans was required in order to obtain the required S/N ratio hence the PDIR technique was employed to minimise instrumental drift. Since the electrochemical process under study was totally reversible on the timescale of the experiment, the PDIR technique was a viable option. 

Weaver, L. (1956). Separation of rare earths by liquid-liquid extraction, page 50 in Rare Earths in Biochemical and Medical Research A Conference Sponsored by the Medical Division, Oak Ridge Institute of Nuclear Studies, October 1955, Report No. ORINS-12, Kyker, G. C. and Anderson, E. B., Eds. (Office of Technical Services, Washington). 

Weaver et al., formed superlattices with CdSe and CdS, using EC-ALE, without an automated system [163]. They studied their relatively thin deposits by surface enhanced Raman (SERS), examining stress build-up in the deposits. 

DePass, L., Myers, R., Weaver, E. and Weil, C. (1984). An assessment of the importance of number of dosage levels, number of animals per dosage level, sex, and method of LD50 and slope calculations in acute toxicity studies. In Acute Toxicity Testing Alternative Approaches, Vol 2 (Goldberg, A., ed.). Mary Ann Liebert, Inc. New York, pp. 139-153. 

Weaver, R.J. and Brunden, M.N. (1998). The design of long-term carcinogenicity studies. In Design and Analysis of Animal Studies in Pharmaceutical Development (Chow, S. and Liu, J., Eds.), Marcel Dekker New York. 

Secondly, fp is the probability that the adsorbed methanol follows the CO path. The COad formation reaction does not need an oxygen source in prindple. FTER studies by Weaver however, found no COad on platinum surface in nonaqueous media. Therefore, it is quite reasonable to think that water also plays some roles in the poison formation reaction. Nevertheless since water is one of the two reactants for the complete oxidation path, the importance of water would be probably greater for the complete oxidation path than for the CO path. Therefore, the lack of water would result in depressing the complete oxidation path more than the CO path in concentrated media. Consequently, fp would be larger in concentrated adds. 

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