Wear particles periprosthetic tissues

Doom RE, RA. Campbell, J. WorraU, et al. 1998. Metal wear particle characterization from metal on metal total hip replacements Transmission electron microscopy study of periprosthetic tissues and isolated particles. / Biomed Mater Res 42 103-111. 

The innate immune response induced by wear particles is a chronic inflammatory and nonspecific foreign body reaction. This reaction may also involve mast cells within the periprosthetic tissue [23]. Mast cells are immune cells found in mucosal and connective tissue in relatively low numbers. When activated, the number of mast cells can increase dramatically, and the release of enzymes and other mediators by these cells can stimulate fibroblast pro-hferation, vascularization, and inflammation. 

It has been recognized that a standardized method of particle retrieval from the tissues and simulator lubricants, followed by debris characterization and quantification, is required for a uniform approach to debris response investigations. However, there are a number of different standards available from the British Standards Instimtion (BSI), International Organization for Standardization (ISO), and the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM), which currently offer conflicting advice for isolation of wear particles from periprosthetic tissues and simulator lubricant samples. 

Campbell P, Ma S, Yeom B, McKeHop H, Schmalzried TP, Amstutz HC. Isolation of predominantly srrbmicron-sized UHMWPE wear particles from periprosthetic tissues. J Biomed Mater Res 1995 January 29(l) 127-31. 

Baxter R, Steinbeck M, Tipper J, Rimnac C, Parvvizi J, Marcolongo M, Kurtz S. Evaluation of methods for periprosthetic tissue digestion and polyethylene wear particle analysis. Transactions... 

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