Wear loss

In many cases of traditional tribology, friction and wear are regarded as the results of surface failure of bulk materials, the solid surface has severe wear loss under high load. Therefore, the mechanical properties of bulk material are important in traditional friction and wear. However, in microscale friction and wear, the applied load on the interactional surface is light and the contact area is also under millimeter or even micrometer scale, such as the slider of the magnetic head whose mass is less than 10 mg and the size is in micrometer scale. Under this situation, the physical and chemical properties of the interactional surface are more important than the mechanical properties of bulk material. Figure 1 shows the general differences between macro and micro scale friction and wear. 

Dissipate losses are wear loss of carbide products, arc erosion of electrical contacts and electrodes, oxidation losses, losses by chemical decomposition, etc. It can only be influenced to a small extent by quality improvements of the final products. However, because the quality level today is already quite high, no drastic change can be expected. 

Wear in a strict sense occurs whenever material is lost from a solid. The mechanism of loss can be abrasion, adhesion, erosion, cavitation, corrosion or fatigue. This loss can occur at the atomic level. At this level analytical tools such as the field ion microscope and the atom probe can be used to study wear loss of polymers. These tools have been used in the authors laboratory for many years to study polymer adhesion and transfer to metal surfaces ... 

Category Friction Losses (Smillion/year) Wear Losses (Smillion/year) Total Losses (Smillion/year)... 

The press can introduce a huge variable if it has loose tie rods, worn bearings, or a ram that is out of parallel. With these conditions, a conventional pressload monitoring system will offer only limited quality control functionality. However, when the force measurements are made in the die, this huge variable can be eliminated, and the tonnage monitor can measure and react to tool wear, loss of die lubricant, changes in stock thickness, misfeeds, scrap in the die, and so forth. 

AI2O3 MWNT 4 vol.% Powder processing Friction coefficient 0.45 (-10%), Wear loss 2MPam (-45%) 2003 [28]... 

Figure 5 The variation of (a) micro-hardness, and (b) wear loss and...

Auger electron spectroscopy and secondary ion mass spectroscopy were used to study the interaction of polycrystalline p-BN samples (Kiborit) with weld-surfaced iron alloys. The wear loss was found to be higher and TiN and TiBg were formed if a titanium-containing alloy was machined. Borides, nitrides, and carbides of the alloying metals, especially of Cr, have also been detected [41]. 

Figure 9.18 Wear loss of copper coating containing microcapsules with lubricating oil. (1) Copper coating (2) composite copper...

Figure 10.31 Wear loss of PE-UHMW-lined acetabular cups in contact with femoral balls made from alumina, zirconia (Y-TZP) and CoCr alloy in fetal bovine serum +20 mM EDTA solutions (PROZYR Ceramiques...

The friction and wear tests were performed using the MMU-5G friction and wear tester under conditions of 10 MPa of contact pressure, 0.3 m/s of sliding velocity, and 2h of friction time. The wear loss of the fabric liner was calculated by Eqn (20.3) ... 

Meanwhile, the friction coefficient curves of the fabric self-lubricating liner filled with different nanofiller contents are shown in Figure 20.24. The lowest friction coefficient is obtained with the fabric liner filled with 5 wt% nanoserpentine or without fillers. However, the high fluctuation in the friction coefficient and great wear loss restrict the engineering appUcation of such fabric liners. Among the others, the growth... 

Figure 20.23 Wear losses of fabric self-lubricating liners with different content fillers. Reproduced with publisher s permission from Yang et al. (2014).

Figure 1.7 Variation of friction coefficient and wear loss of Ni-based composite with volume of carbon nanotubes embedded in the coatings. Reproduced by permission of Elsevier from Wang et al. [27], (2003) Elsevier...

PTFE composites exhibit an improved vear resistance by more than two orders of magnitude [13]. Recently, more applications using new fillers such as clay or CNTs have been realized. For instance, kaolin particles of formula (OH)gSi4Al40io and of 100 nm size added to PFTE drastically improve the wear loss from 715 to 8 mm. ... 

The results revealed that when yttrium powder was added to the oil-sulfuric lubricant system, the wear of both alloys was greatly reduced. In fact, the wear loss was even smaller than in the plain oil lubricant condition, even though there was no corrosive medium. 

The SEM studies showed that the presence of yttrium significantly rednced the cracking in the surface, leading to less material loss during the corrosive wear process. The adherent oxide layer could reduce the contact area between the sliding surfaces decreasing the adhesive force between the sliding surfaces. This is the reason why the wear loss in oil with sulfuric acid and yttrium is even lower than observed in plain oil. 

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