Wavelength shifters

Dehydration or Chemical Stabilization. The removal of surface silanol (Si—OH) bonds from the pore network results in a chemically stable ultraporous soHd (step F, Fig. 1). Porous gel—siHca made in this manner by method 3 is optically transparent, having both interconnected porosity and sufficient strength to be used as unique optical components when impregnated with optically active polymers, such as fiuors, wavelength shifters, dyes, or nonlinear polymers (3,23). 

The addition of a secondary solute or wavelength shifter can serve to offset much if not all of the action of tagged nitrocompds in reducing counting efficiency. For expl nitrocompds, a shift of the emission spectrum considerably into the visible region where absorption effects are not so pronounced is clearly indicated. The secondary solute POPOP has been found to be most efficient for this purpose (Ref 2). This enhanced effect on the scintillation process is illustrated in Fig 2 for p-Nitrotoluene... 

The 3700A wavelength photons interact and excite the POPOP molecules. The POPOP in this case is called the secondary fluor or the -wavelength shifter, and... 

The solute is classified into a primary solute and a secondary one. The former is a main fluorescent material, and the latter serves as a wavelength shifter which gives rise to an emission spectrum having long wavelength. These characteristics and molecular structures are respectively represented in Table 5.8. 

Use Scintillation counter, wavelength shifter in liquid scintillators. 

Use Scintillation counter or a wavelength shifter in soluble scintillators. 

Use Primary fluor used in scintillation counters or as wavelength shifters. 

Use Scintillation counter or wavelength shifter in solution scintillators. 

Use As primary fluors or as wavelength shifters in soluble scintillators. 

Beilstein Handbook Reference) BRN 0157021 2,5-Diphenyloxazole DPO (scintillator) EINECS 202-181-3 NSC 24856 Oxazole, 2,5-diphenyl- PPG (scintillator) Tritosol USAF EK-6775 DPO. Primary floor used in scintillation counters or in wavelength shifters. Solid mp = 74 bp" 360" d = 1.0940 Xm" 205, 220, 302 nm (MeOH) insoluble in H2O, soluble in EtOH, EtzO, CHCI3. . /. DuPont de Nemours Inc. Rente Mfg. Spectrum Chem. Manufacturing. 

NE 213 consists of xylene, activators, and POPOP as the wavelength shifter. Naphthalene is added to enhance the slow components of light emission. The composition of NE 213 is given as CH, 21 and its density as 0.867 X 10 kg/cm. ... 

The NE series of organic scintillators has been studied in detail and used extensively, in particular NE 213. The NE 213 scintillator, which is most commonly used, consists of xylene, activators, the organic compound POPOP (as a wavelength shifter), and naphthalene, which is added to improve light emission. The density of NE 213 is about 870 kg/m (0.87 g/cm ), and its composition is taken to be CHj 2i-... 

Uses Primary fluor used as scintillation counters or in wavelength shifters Manuf./Distrib. Aldrich http //www.sigma-aldrich.com] DuPont http //www.dupont.com] Fluka http //www.sigma-aldrich.com] Packard BioScience BV Penta Mfg. http //WWW. pentamfg. com Sigma Spectrum Quality Prods. http //www.spectrumchemical. com... 

Ammonium stearate Pine (Pinus palustris) tar oil Rosin Tristearin Tung oil waterproofing, stucco Ammonium stearate waterproofing, textiles Ammonium stearate Carnauba synthetic Ceresin Microcrystalline wax Oleic acid Sodium alum Zinc naphthenate waterproofing, walls Rosin Sodium silicate waterproofing, wood Carnauba synthetic wavelength shifter Diphenyloxazole wax... 

A transverse wiggler is a multipole device constituted by a sequence of three or more magnets with the field alternating in polarity and in a direction perpendicular to the electron orbit. The maximum deflection angle 0( of the electrons, and therefore the mean emission angle, is less than in a single wavelength shifter (Fig. 4). 

Fig. 2. Retative spectral photoelectric efficiency for an S-11 photocathode and relative spectral emissions of the wavelength shifter POPOP the mayor chemiliminescence emission hands of singlet oxygen and the delayed luminescence (light-induced chemiluminescence) of green algae and isolated chloro-plasts.

Technological applications of flavonols 5.1 Flavonols as wavelength shifters... 

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