Waveguide-based systems

Planar waveguides, the photonic wires for on-chip optical signal transmission, constitute the basic building block for the vast majority of planar optical sensing systems [16]. Examples of commonly used waveguide-based sensor devices include microresonators, interferometers, and waveguide gratings. 

In many ways, chloroaluminate molten salts are ideal solvents for the electrodeposition of transition metal-aluminum alloys because they constitute a reservoir of reducible aluminum-containing species, they are excellent solvents for many transition metal ions, and they exhibit good intrinsic ionic conductivity. In fact, the first organic salt-based chloroaluminate melt, a mixture of aluminum chloride and 1-ethylpyridinium bromide (EtPyBr), was formulated as a solvent for electroplating aluminum [55, 56] and subsequently used as a bath to electroform aluminum waveguides [57], Since these early articles, numerous reports have been published that describe the electrodeposition of aluminum from this and related chloroaluminate systems for examples, see Liao et al. [58] and articles cited therein. 

Rigorous treatment of the self-action problem needs the transformation of Eq.(2.1), (2.5) into a system of integro-differential equations. However, if just some orders of group velocity dispersion and nonlinearity are taken into account, an approximate approach can be used based on differential equations solution. When dealing with the ID-i-T problem of optical pulse propagation in a dielectric waveguide, one comes to the wave equation with up to the third order GVD terms taken into account ... 

Last not least, there is a great variety of proprietary lO-design software that has been developed at research facilities and university institutes. E.g., at the TU Delft the S-matrix oriented software Photonic CAD was established several years ago, an innovative 10 design framework based on Hewlett Packard s Microwave Design System. Actual academic work e.g. addresses modes of bent waveguides, BMS-3D" ° is a quite new bend mode solver of the IRE, Prague, or FDTD-schemes with non-uniform grids, a topic of special importance to improve computational efficiency when multi-scale feature sizes are requested, to name a few of recent tasks, only. 

Fibre optic-based flow-through optical biosensors The dramatic advances in fibre optic development in die last decade have promoted construction of sensors where radiation, whether emitted, transmitted or reflected, is conducted fi-om the sample to the detection system. The wide variety of available optical waveguide types (solid rods, hollow cylinders, micro-planar geometries) has been used with varying success in sensor development. 

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