WAVE™ system

Acidic waving systems based on mercaptans have recently achieved some popularity. The preferred mercaptan is glyceryl thioglycolate [30618-84-9] which is relatively odorless and provides sufficient active anionic mercaptide species at a neutral pH. 

Additionally, a thermal wave is generated in the bed in a similar fashion to that of the thermal wave system. However it is more similar to existing gas... 

Application of this procedure to inadvertently ignited safety valve discharges can involve a special problem. Certain combinations of pressure ratio and length of safety valve riser can result in choked flow, with a pressure discontinuity at the exit. The pressure of the jet then adjusts to atmospheric pressure in a system of shock waves or expansion waves over a distance of a few pipe diameters. These waves can affect the local mixing of the jet with the crosswind. Since the calculation procedure incorporates correlations for subsonic jets, it cannot be expected to be entirely accurate in this case. Nevertheless, since the wave system... 

The peak overpressure developed immediately after a burst is an important parameter for evaluating pressure vessel explosions. At that instant, waves are generated at the edge of the sphere. The wave system consists of a shock, a contact surface, and rarefaction waves. As this wave system is established, pressure at the contact surface drops from the pressure within the sphere to a pressure within the shock wave. 

A problem with the early MWD mud pulse systems was the very slow rate of data transmission. Several minutes were needed to transmit one set of directional data. Anadrill working with a Mobil patent [100] developed in the early 1980s a continuous wave system with a much faster data rate. It became possible to transmit many more drilling data, and also to transmit logging data making LWD possible. Today, as many as 16 parameters can be transmitted in 16 s. The dream of the early pioneers has been more than fulfilled since azimuth, inclination, tool face, downhole weight-on-bit, downhole torque, shocks, caliper, resistivity, gamma ray, neutron, density, Pe, sonic and more can be transmitted in realtime to the rig floor and the main office. 

Figure 4-243. Telemetry systems using mud pressure waves (a) negative pulse system (b) positive pulse system (c) continuous wave system.

Figure 4-247. Principle of the continuous wave system (a) sketch of the siren and electronic block diagram (b) principle of the coding by phase shift keying. (Courtesy Anadrill [106].. ...

Figure 4-248. Example of a frame of data transmitted by the continuous wave system. (Courtesy Anadr/V [106] J...

The first problem we have to solve. .. is therefore that of measuring up and analyzing the wave systems emitted by the atoms of the 92 elements. 36... 

Thermodynamically, the concept is similar to thermal wave systems and predicted COP s are similar. A cooling COP of 0.9 (based on heat input to the cycle), is predicted for one design with modest regeneration efficiency, evaporating at 5°C and condensing at 40°C. 

The role of proton donors in the closing of the catalytic loop is revealed by the experiments carried out in a nonprotic medium after addition of an acid. The results are summarized in Figure 4.9. Similar results are again obtained with cobalamin. In the absence of substrate, a two-wave system... 

The Three-Dimensional Wave System of Spinning Detonation , Ibid, pp 839-50 890 R. Cheret J. Brossard, "Cylindrical and Spherical Detonations in Gases , Ibid, Paper 84, p 149 (Abstracts only) 89g)... 

Macpherson (Ref 31) discussed the three-dimensional wave system of spinning detonation... 

The three dimensional wave system in spinning detonation was examined by Mac Pherson (Ref 105)... 

Of course, according to the Section ELD, this calculation should really be carried out at wavelengths X — s instead of traveling times T—s. The Sagnac-type experiments are also standing-wave systems. Then the magnitude of shift of the interference fringes with the above oo... 

Experimental Evidence for the Phenomena in Chemical Wave Systems. Although these phenomena were originally predicted theoretically, we first consider the experimental evidence. 

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