Wave energy technology

Wave size is determined by wind speed and fetch, the distance over the oceans surface which the wind travels. Favorable wind energy sites are generally western coastlines facing the open ocean such as the Pacific Coast of North America and the Atlantic Coast of Northern Europe. Norway, Denmark, Japan, and the United Kingdom are the world leaders in wave energy technologies. 

The extent to which each technology is poised to advance is described in separate discussions of photovoltaics, solar-thermal power, and wind, biomass, waste-to-energy, geothermal, hydropower, and wave energy. 

The latest extension in this context is the Discover CoolMate (Fig. 3.26), a microwave system for performing sub-ambient temperature chemistry. The reactor is equipped with a jacketed low-temperature vessel, and the system s microwave-transparent cooling medium and chilling technology keep the bulk temperature low (-80 to +35 °C). Thus, thermal degradation of compounds is prevented while micro-wave energy is introduced to the reaction mixture. 

Wave energy is a capital-intensive technology, with most of the costs for construction. But, after 3 decades major breakthroughs are in sight and wave electricity should be part of the renewable mix in many countries before long. 

Figure 5.9 provides a comparison of technical potential estimations for tidal and wave energy with the realisable mid-term potentials of both ocean technologies until 2020. 

Thorpe, M. (1999). A Brief Review of Wave Energy. Report ETSU-R-120 for the DTI, AEA Technology. 

A working example of a wave energy converter is the Pelamis, built by Pelamis Wave Power (formerly Ocean Power Delivery, Ltd.), www.pelamiswave.com. an Edinburgh technology company focused on ocean wave power generation. 

In addition, the Biacore system is fully automatic and incorporates a reliable microflnidic system that facilitates accurate and precise sample delivery and flow-rate manipnlation. Significantly, it also permits multichannel analysis and thns, reference-subtraction [71], which is useful for comparative analyses and is a prereqnisite for kinetic and affinity estimations. A significant advantage of SPR over optical detection techniques is that the incident light energy does not actnally penetrate the bnlk sample and thus, measurements can be made equally on colored or tnrbid solntions and on clear samples [72]. Typically Biacore and SPR/evanescent wave-based technologies have been routinely used for analysis of small molecnles. With specific reference to foodstuffs, these include hormones [9], antibiotic residnes [73], and small molecules that are indicative of microbial contamination snch as microbial toxins [10,46,74]. 

Wave energy is a technology that uses the motion of ocean surface waves to create electrical energy. There have been several proposed generator systems relying on floating buoys that rise and fall with passing waves. The... 

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