Term Potentiation LTP

Long-term potentiation (LTP) is a synaptic plasticity phenomenon that corresponds to an increase in the synaptic strength (increase in the post-synaptic response observed for the same stimulation of the presynaptic terminals) observed after a high frequency stimulation (tetanus) of the afferent fibres. This increased response is still observed hours and even days after the tetanus. The phenomenon is often observed at glutamatergic synapses and involves, in most cases, the activation of the V-methyl D-aspartate (NMDA) subtype of ionotropic glutamate receptors. 

The NMDA receptor is an ionotropic glutamate receptor involved in fast excitatory neurotransmission. It plays a key role in a variety of CNS functions, most notably long-term potentiation (LTP) and neuronal plasticity, and is regulated by several mechanisms. One such mechanism involves the amino acid glycine (1). 

Adenylyl cyclase in learning and memory. The cAMP-signal transduction cascade has been demonstrated to play a role critical to the formation of long-term memory in both cellular models and in animals. The specific adenylyl cyclases involved are being identified by current research. In AC1 mutant mice there is a partial disruption of long-term potentiation (LTP), a cellular model of... 

Hebb s rule, long-term potentiation (LTP) and experimental models of... 

During the expression of fear-related behaviors, the LA engages the central nucleus of the amygdala (CEA), which, as the principal output nucleus, projects to areas of the hypothalamus and brain stem that mediate the autonomic, endocrine, and behavioral responses associated with fear and anxiety (Schafe et al. 2001). The molecular and cellular mechanisms that underlie synaptic plasticity in amygdala-dependent learned fear is an area of very active investigation (Shumyatsky et al. 2002). Long-term potentiation (LTP) in the LA appears to be a critical mechanism for storing memories of the CS-US associa-... 

The development of natural products having alleviation properties for the symptoms of learning and memory impairments has been clinically expected. In the brain, the hippocampus is a very important region in the learning and memory processes, and the long-term potentiation (LTP) induced from the brain tissue is closely related to learning and memory [10]. 

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