Watersheds ground water

Porcelli D, Andersson PS, Baskaran M, Wasserburg GJ (2001) Transport of U- and Th-series nuclides in a Baltic Shield watershed and the Baltic Sea. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 65 2439-2459 Puls RW, Powell RM (1992) Acquisition of representative ground-water quality samples for metals. Ground Water Monitor Remediat 12 167-176... 

Valiela I, Costa J, Foreman K, Teal JM, Howes B, Aubrey D (1990) Transport of ground water-borne nutrients from watersheds and their effects on coastal waters. Biogeochem 10 177-197... 

The depth of oil pollutant infiltration is not restricted by the first water layer, and often this reaches the ground water. Under continuous perennial pollution, oil products can infiltrate into the deeper ground water layers where these pollutants are conserved and can drift to discharge areas after a long period. Hypothetically this discharge from one pollution source is possible at different watersheds (Figure 11). 

Ayuso, R. A., Foley, N. K., Robinson, G. R., Jr., Colvin, A. S., Lipfert, G., and Reeve, A. S. (2006). Tracing lead isotopic compositions of common arsenical pesticides in a coastal Maine watershed containing arsenic-enriched ground water. In Contaminated Soils, Sediments and Water , Proceedings of the 21st Annual International Conference on Soils Sediments and Water, (P. T. Kostecki, E. J. Calabrese, and J. Dragun, eds.), Vol. 11, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, Compact Disk publication (CD), 25 p. 

Bohike J. K. and Denver J. M. (1995) Combined use of ground-water dating, chemical, and isotopic analyses to resolve the history and fate of nitrate contamination in two agricultural watersheds, Atlantic coastal plain, Maryland. Water Resour. Res. 31, 2319-2339. 

Important applications of ground-water dating techniques are related to the source and history of ground-water contaminations. For example, Bohlke and Denver (1995) and Johnston et al. (1998) used CFCs in combination with H or H- He dating to reconstruct the recharge history of nitrate in agricultural watersheds. 

Dominik, J., Cuccodoro, S., Gourcy, L., Santiago, S., 1992. Uranium enrichment in the surface and ground waters of the Alpine Rhone watershed. In Vernet J.-P. (Ed.), Impact of Heavy Metals on the Environment. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp. 397-416. 

Welch A.H., Oremland R.S., Davis J. A., Watkins S.A. Arsenic in ground water a review of current knowledge and relation to the CALLED solution area with recommendations for needed research. San Francisco Estuary and Watershed Science 2006 4(2) 1-32. 

The SWTR requires all utilities utihzing a strrface water supply or a ground water supply under the influence of a surface water supply, to provide adequate disinfection and under most conditions, to provide filtration. (Surface water supplies can avoid the requirement to filter their supply if they meet specific requirements for water quality and the utility can demonstrate control of the watershed.)... 

Table 2. Significant differences between median (mg/L) background (BACK) and mineralized(MINER) area in ground and surface water in the Ruby Creek Watershed...

Ground and surface waters related to the different rock types introduced above show well discriminated major ion patterns. Fig. 6 shows about 7(X) typical spring water analyses, mainly from the Central Alps, plotted in a Ca-10 Si-5 Mg triangle in molar proportions (Dcrron, 1999). This diagram allows in many cases to identify the dominant rock type of a given watershed influencing the water composition. 

The landfill body is located 1000 m from watershed of a surface stream. A rich network of waste channels and piscatory ponds was built southwards (from this locality). In the surroundings of 500 m from the landfill the undergroimd water is not used as individual or collective drinking source. The grounds and lands in the surrounding of the landfiU are classified and used for agricultural purposes. 

---