Water-soluble polyaniline, synthesis

Alva KS, Marx KA, Kumar J, Tripathy SK (1996) Biochemical synthesis of water soluble polyanilines poly(p-aminobenzoic acid). Macromol Rapid Commun 17(12) 859-863... 

AlvaK, Kumar J, Marx KA et al (1997) Enzymatic synthesis and characterization of a novel water soluble polyaniline poly(2, 5 diamino benzene sulfonic acid). Macromolecules 30 4024-4029... 

Z. Peng, L. Guo, Z. Zhang, B. Tesche, T. Wilke, D. Ogermann, S. Hu, and K. Kleinermanns, Micelle-assisted one-pot synthesis of water-soluble polyaniline-gold composite particles, Langmuir, 22, 10915-10918 (2006). 

Template-guided synthesis 2,4) is currently being used increasingly to synthesize water soluble polyaniline. Apofyadd is used as a tenq>late to bind the aniline monomers to form the corresponding anilinium salt. Aniline monomers polymerize to form a conq)lex with the template. The hydrophobic and hydrophilic ends of the tenq)late he in sohibifizing the hydrophobic polyaniline chains. Some of the pofyadds used (25) in the synthesis of polyaniline are polystyrenesulfonic add, poly(aci dic add) and poly(methacrylic acid). 

Wan M, Fan J (1998) Synthesis and ferromagnetic properties of composites of a water-soluble polyaniline copolymer. J Polym Sci 36 13-16... 

Y. Ma, N. Li, C. Yang, and X. Yang, One-step synthesis of water-soluble gold nanoparticles/ polyaniline composite an dits application in glucose sensing, Colloids Surf. A, 269,1-6 (2005). 

Nguyen M. T. and Diaz A. F., Synthesis of new water-soluble self-doped polyaniline. Macromolecules, 1995,28,3411. 

M. T. Nguyen, P. Kasai, J. L. Miller, A. F. Diaz, Synthesis and properties of novel water-soluble conducting polyaniline copolymers, Macromolecules 1994, 27, 3625. 

S. Ito, K. Murata, S. Teshima, R. Aizawa, Y. Asako, K. Takahashi, B. M. Hoffman, Simple synthesis of water-soluble conducting polyaniline, Synthetic Metals 1998, 96, 161. 

Figure 2.20 Synthesis mechanism of water soluble self-acid-doped sulfonated polyaniline. (Reprinted with permission from Macromolecules, 29, 3950. Copyright (1996) American Chemical Society.)...

S. A. Chen, G. W. Hwang, Synthesis of water-soluble self-acid-doped polyaniline, o/ f e American Chemical Society 1994,116, 7939. 

A new class of water soluble polypyrrole has been prepared by selfdoping of the polymer. These self-doped polypyrroles can be prepared electrochemically or chemically, using various dopant anions covalently bound to the polymer backbone. The self-doped sulfonated polypyrrole is most commonly synthesized electrochemically in nonaqueous media. Electrochemical synthesis in aqueous media and chemical synthesis are not typically used, presumably due to issues with overoxidation. The postpolymerization modification of polypyrrole, in a manner similar to that used to form sulfonated polyaniline is rare [41]. The various synthetic approaches and properties of the polymer are discussed in the following sections. 

The synthesis of water-soluble polyanihne greatly improved processability. Conducting fibers were fabricated from polyaniline-SPS complex by a dry-spinning technique, which took advantage of water-soluble products... 

A major application is the synthesis of high molecular weight water-soluble polymers (e.g., polymers and copolymers of acrylamide, acrylic acid, and its salts) for flocculants and tertiary oil recovery. Other uses are the synthesis of polyaniline/CdSe quantum dots composites [49], hybrid polyaniline/carbon nanotube nanocomposites [50], polyani-line-montmorillonite nanocomposites [51], or in reversible addition-fragmentation chain-transfer-controlled radical polymerization (RAFT) [52]. 

The various commercial water-soluble polymers used for the synthesis of polypyrrole colloids are rather ineffective for the preparation of sterically stabilized polyaniline colloids and usually fail to prevent macroscopic precipitation [46]. One exception to this rule is poly(vinyl alcohol), but even here a relatively high stabilizer concentration is required for the quantitative formation... 

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