Water-soluble biocides

Water-soluble biocides should have these additional eharaeteristics (Rogers and Kaplan, 1968 Gaylarde et al., 1999)  

4 -(2-Ethyl-2-nitrotrimethylene)dimorpholine + 4-(2-Nitrobutyl)morpholine [II, 3.2.3.] Glutaraldehyde pi, 2.5.] + Oxydiethylenebis(alkyl dimethyl ammonium chloride pi, 18.1.] 

Disodium ethylenebis(dithiocarbamate) pi, 11.12.1.] + Sodium dimethyldithiocarbamate[II, 11.11.1. Potassium dimethyldithiocarbamate pi, 11.11.2.] 

---

Water Soluble Biocide Fuel Soluble Biocide ... 

Treat immediately with a water-soluble biocide. Continue treatment weekly to prevent further microbiological growth. 

Injection of water soluble biocides into the culture medium causes no change in the kinetic dependence of biomass growth (Figure 2). 

The above biocides are generally also available as emulsions for use with vinyl latex. These may be supplemented for protection before use with a water-soluble biocide such as dimethoxane (DXN, Dow Chemical). 

E.P.A. Registration No. 5383-17 Non-metallic, Low Cost, Water-Soluble Biocide... 

Recently, there has been much interest in developing water-soluble tributyltin biocides to lessen the costs of application, and to prevent fire hazards when treating material in confined spaces. Bis(tributyltin) oxide itself has a very low aqueous solubility ( 0.001%), but it may be made water-dispersible by the addition of certain (534, 535) quaternary ammonium salts. Formulations of this type, although currently under development as wood preservatives (534), have been used extensively in the United Kingdom for the treatment of stonework to eradicate fungal growths, algae, mosses, and lichens (535). 

Micro-organisms inhabit the aqueous phase of an emulsion and thus it is necessary for the biocide not only to be water soluble but also to remain in the aqueous phase. 

It is soluble in water to about 4g/l it is more common to use this biocide as its sodium salt, improving its water solubility. It is incorporated into metalworking fluid concentrates at typically between 2 to 4% by weight. 

Another quinone-related natural compound evaluated by Schrader etal is SeaKleen , a commercial biocide used to treat the ballast water of ships to help prevent the spread of pest organisms such as algae. SeaKleen consists of menadione sodium bisulfite, a water-soluble form of menadione... 

Yellow 86 and 132 for yellow, and a combination of Acid Red 52 and Reactive Red 180 for magenta. The know-how is contained in the formulation. It consists of deionized water, 60-90% water-soluble solvent (e.g., propanol, 5-30% surfactant, 0.1-10% buffer, 0.1-0.5% biocide, 0.05-1%), and other additives (chelating agent, defoamer, solubilizer, etc.) >1%. 

Both water-soluble and fuel-soluble biocides are available for fuel treatment. The advantages and disadvantages of each method of treatment are briefly outlined in TABLE 6-2. 

TABLE 6-2. Advantages and Disadvantages of Water-Soluble and Fuel-Soluble Biocides... 

It is widely employed as a disinfectant in medicine (Povidone-iodine) because of its mildness, low toxicity, and water solubility. According to the U.S. Pharmacopeia, l ovidone-iodme is a free-flowing, brown powder dial contains from 9-12% available iodine. 11 is soluble in water and lower alcohols. When dissolved in water, the uncomplexed free iodine level is very low however, tine complexed iodine acts as a reservoir and by equilibrium replenishes the free iodine lo the equilibrium level. This prevents free iodine from being deactivated because the free form is continually available at effective biocidal levels from this large reservoir. PVP will interact with other small anions and resembles serum albumin and other proteins in this regard. It can be salted in with anions such as NaSC.N or out with NasSOa much like water-soluble proteins. 

---