Water resource depletion

Economy/profit Scarce resource depletion Drinking water resource depletion Fossil fuel depletion External (future) cost low Capital expenditure Operational cost Profitable over total lifecycle... 

Economy/profit Scarce resource depletion Drinking water resource depletion Fossil fuel depletion External (future) cost low Lower capital expenditure Lower operational cost Profitable over total lifecycle To be assessed for each case Not identified yet Yes improvement factor > 4 Yes Yes factor > 4 Yes factor > 4 Likely... 

Resource depletion, water Resource depletion, mineral, fossil, and renewable... 

Can cause damage to structures (Charles Skinner 2001) and to crops, farm animals aitd equipment (where reclaimed spoils used lor arable agriculture) also pose a danger of injury to humans and animals that may fall into hollows accidentally can intercept surface runolf. thus depleting surface water resources (Groetrewold Rehnt 1082)... 

Human activities harmfully influence the environment and nature in many ways. The production of undesirable wastewater, waste gas, and liquid plus solid residues seems to be inevitable during chemical processes. The public is more sensitive to pollution of the aquatic environment and the depletion of clean water resources, because they have an immediate impact on daily routine and recreational activities. However, air pollution has an adverse impact on our health in the short and long term, and the problems of the greenhouse effect and the destruction of stratospheric ozone could extinguish life from the face of the Earth. These problems are enhanced by overpopulation and urbanization. Today, urban areas can be seen as monsters that consume large amounts of energy, matter, and freshwater and release all kinds of waste into the environment. 

A sustainable chemical industry is characterized by green chemical processes, where all of the above concerns are taken into account, or where there is a total recycling of intrinsically toxic or hazardous materials and substances, and an almost total recycling of other nonhazardous materials (e.g., water, plastic, or metals) that may constitute an environmental problem through resource depletion and pollution, as well as additional energy consumption. 

Drought Fire, depletion of water resources, deterioration of soil, loss of plant and animal life... 

The chemical composition of water resources in the twenty-first century is likely to reflect these human interventions the creation of new water and the contamination of the depleted water resources. RO has become the cheapest and hence most frequently used technique for desalination (Glueckstern and Priel, 1998). The generation of desalinated water is associated with chemical transformations that are controlled by the prefer-... 

It is probably true to say that the term environmental chemistry has no precise definition. It means different things to different people. We are not about to offer a new definition. It is clear that environmental chemists are playing their part in the big environmental issues—stratospheric ozone (C) () depletion, global warming and the like. Similarly, the role of environmental chemistry in regional-scale and local problems—for example, the effects of acid rain or contamination of water resources—is well established. This brief discussion illustrates the clear link in our minds between environmental chemistry and human beings. For many people, environmental chemistry is implicitly linked to pollution . We hope this book demonstrates that such a view is limited and shows that environmental chemistry has a much wider scope. 

The environmental impacts of manufacturing may include resource depletion, eneigy consumption, air pollutants, water pollutants, and both hazardous and nonhazardous solid waste. Table 1 shows the hazards assodated with general environmental impacts. 

Abiotic Ozone layer Acidificaiton Fresh water Terrestrial resource depletion (kg potential (kg aquatic ecotoxicity depletion CFC-11eq.) S02eq.) ecotoxicity (kg1,4DBeq.)... 

---