Water molds

Sirenin is the sperm attractant produced by the female gametes of the water mold, Allomyces. Its synthesis has been accomplished by the use of an internal [2 + 1] cycloaddition step. 

Moving a step up the evolutionary ladder from bacteria, we encounter A/tomycei, a water mold. This mold occupies a variety of moist niches in nature on plant or animal debris along the edges of ponds, in ditches, or other wet sites. Sexual reproduction in Allomyces provides an interesting story of a releaser pheromone. Here is what happens. 

Peptides are not the only fungal hormones. The water mold Blastocladiella releases a zoospore maintenance factor, a cyclic phosphate derivative of 5 -phosphoribosyl-5-aminoimidazolecarboxamide.329 It is similar to the succinocarboxamide, which is an... 

Eukarya Stramenopila Diatoms, golden algae, brown algae, water mold... 

Female gametes of the water mold Allomyces prefer to use the sesquiterpene sirenin 29 as an attractant for the opposite sex cells. The sea weed Achlia bisexualis mutually coordinates and controls the processes of the formation and growth of both male and female gametes by a sequential release of a set of exohormones into water. One of the most important participants during this interlude to mating is the steroid anteridiol 30. ... 

Order 2.—Saprolegniales.—Water molds which attack fishes, frogs, water insects, and decaying plants and animals. Example Saprolegnia,... 

Corey et al. treated an allylic bromide with the THP-protected lithium propynol in their synthesis of ( )-sirenin, a sperm attractant of the water mold Allomyces, and the same reaction was also used in a synthesis of ( )-sesquicarene (Scheme 41). In addition, Meyers and Bienz used an alkyne alkylation (22) (23) to prepare the final intermediate for radical cyclization in their synthesis of the unnatural (-I-) isomer of the sesquiterpene, A 02). apnellene (24 Scheme 42). 

Lejohn, H. B. and Stevenson, R. M., Inhibition of amino acid transport and enhancement of tryptophan binding in a water mold by a range of natural and synthetic cytokinins, Can. J. Microbiol., 28, 1165, 1982. 

The Wittig reaction has been used to construct the side-chain in a synthesis of (-)-sirenin (208), a water mold sperm-attacking hormone.ii The intermediate (206) was generated, without competing formation of the structural isomer (207), by reaction of the ylide (205) with (204) under salt-free conditions in DME. Standard Wittig methods have been used to construct the side-chain in an enantioselective synthesis of (+)-(7 , 9Z)-methyl trisporate (209) and its (9E)-isomer.l 12 The reaction of triphenyl-(vinylimino)phosphorane derivatives (210) with tropones provides a convenient synthesis of 1-aza-azulenes (211) and (212) in either one or two steps (Scheme 28).H The mechanism of the one-step reaction was investigated using deuterium-labelled tropane derivatives. 

The first specific functioning sex hormone to be identified in the plant kingdom. A diffusible substance secreted by the female mycelium of the filamentous water molds Achlya bisexualis and A- ambisexuaiis, which induces... 

Sporangiospores (spores formed in batches within saclike structures called sporangia) are found in the water molds and the Zygomycetes. Rhizopus, which is often seen on breads and strawberries, reproduces in this manner. 

There is a genus of water molds called Achlya that uses chanicals transmitted between male and female to synchronize their reproduction. There are four ch icals involved and each causes a spedlic behavior to occur in the proper sequence. 

Selitrennikoff, C.P., Dailey, N.E. Sonnebom, D.R. (1980) Regulation of the Hexosamine Biosynthetic Pathway in the Water Mold Blastocladiella emersonii Sensitivity to End Product Inhibition is Dependent upon the Life-cycle Phase , Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Washington, 77, 5998-6002 Sentendreu, R. Lampen, J.O. (1971) Participation of a lipid Intermediate in the... 

These adhesives are suitable for exterior use and are unaffected by water (even boiling water), molds, grease, oil, and most solvents. Their appUca-tions primarily include wood, plywood, plastics, paper, and fiberboard. Resorcinol-formaldehydes are excellent marine-plywood adhesives. Curing at room temperature normally takes 8-12 hours, while phenoUc wood adhesives require a high-temperature cure. The adhesives are also used for indoor applications because of their high reliability. ... 

Water mold A funguslike protist that produces flagellated asexual spores (zoospores) and large, motile gametes. 

The Claisen-Johnson rearrangement has often been used for the steroid side chain stereoselective functional group transformations in acyclic diasteroselective processes. Accordingly, McMorris and Djerassi independently determined the configuration at C-24 of the side chain of the steroidal hormone oogoniol 320 of the water mold [70, 71] (Scheme 6.51). 

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