Water mist, generated

Handling requirements Heated hoses, heated tanks, water misting for curing assistance Generally none Often heated hoses, heated tanks for third-generation products, occasionally water misting for curing assistance... 

A water mist can be generated using a high-pressure water jet impinging on a deflector, a high-pressure water jet emerging from a small orifice, or a gaseous media to atomize the water jet (twin-fluid atomization). Other innovative mist... 

Water-mist systems (with droplet sizes less than 100 pm) have been considered as replacements for Halon 1301. Phase Doppler interferometry has been used to characterize various surrogate fluids in misted liquid sprays that are generated by different screens [7, 28, 29]. The effect of mist droplet diameter (< 200 pm), density, and injection angle have shown that when the mist and flame are aligned spatially, flame suppression is enhanced with increased density, decreased velocity, and smaller size droplets [30]. Larger droplets and injection angles become important for asymmetric mist/flame alignment. Efforts to decouple the physical (suppression due to droplet size and dynamics), thermal (due to heat capacity and... 

Fixed water mist systems have begun to be introduced in recent years. They can quickly extinguish large fires in enclosed spaces because the heat that is generated by the fire rapidly vaporises the water mist spray droplets into steam. However, small fires that have not yet heated an enclosure or are in large open areas cannot be easily extinguished by water mist sprays unless the fire is literally within the range of the spray. 

Chemical additives for gas-based drilling fluids are limited to surfactants (qv), certain polymers, and occasionally salts such as sodium or potassium chloride. An aqueous solution of the additives is iajected iato the air or gas flow to generate a mist or foam. No additives are used ia dry air or gas drilling operations. Gas-based fluids are not recirculated and materials are added continuously. As the fluid exits the well, air or water vapor escapes to the atmosphere, gas and oil are burned, and water and formation soflds are collected into a pit for later disposal. Stable foams must be destabili2ed to separate the air from the Hquid phase for disposal. 

These may be direct (i.e. installed within the conditioned room) or indirect (i.e. installed in the conditioning plant). Water may be introduced (a) as a spray or mist or (b) as steam generated separately or by a device within the plant. 

Figure LI Steam generation from a heated surface, showing nucleate boiling, leading to bubbly, intermediate, annular and mist flow forms of convective boiling. Steam bubbles in water (a) leading to water droplets in steam (b).

Hence, supersaturated conditions exist, which are only physically realistic if water is assumed to be a mist or suspended in the gas. More physical and rigorous models have also been generated. 

This subcategory involves phosphoric acid (dry process), phosphoms pentoxide, phosphoms pentasulfide, phosphoms trichloride, and phosphoms oxychloride. In the standard dry process for phosphoric acid production, liquid phosphoms is burned in the air, the resulting gaseous phosphoms pentaoxide is absorbed and hydrated in a water spray, and the mist is collected with an electrostatic precipitator. Regardless of the process variation, phosphoric acid is made with the consumption of water and no aqueous wastes are generated by the process. 

When aluminized AP composite propellant burns, a high mole fraction of aluminum oxide is produced as a combustion product, which generates visible smoke. If smoke has to be avoided, e. g. for miUtary purposes or a fireworks display, aluminum particles cannot be added as a component of an AP composite propellant In addition, a large amount of white smoke is produced even when non-aluminized AP composite propellants bum. This is because the combustion product HCl acts as a nucleus for moisture in the atmosphere and relatively large-sized water drops are formed as a fog or mist This physical process only occurs when the relative humidity in the atmosphere is above about 60%. If, however, the atmospheric temperature is below 260 K, white smoke is again formed because of the condensation of water vapor with HCl produced as combustion products. If the HCl smoke generated by AP combustion cannot be tolerated, the propellant should be replaced with a double-base propellant or the AP particles should be replaced with another... 

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