Wastewater total organic carbon

Vourch et al49 studied the applicability of the RO process for the dairy industry wastewater. The treated wastewater total organic carbon (TOC) was <7 mg/L. It was found that in order to treat a flow of 100 m3/d, 540 m2 of the RO unit is required with 95% water recovery. Dead-end NF and RO were studied for the treatment of dairy wastewater.50 Permeate COD, monovalent ion rejection, and multivalent ion rejection for the dead-end NF were reported as 173-1095 mg/L, 50-84%, and 92.4-99.9%, respectively. When it comes to the dead-end RO membranes, the values for permeate COD, monovalent ion removal, and multivalent ion removal were 45-120 mg/L, >93.8%, and 99.6%, respectively. Membrane filtration technology can be better utilized as a tertiary treatment technology and the resultant effluent quality will be high. There can be situations where the treated effluents can be reused (especially if RO is used for the treatment). 

Chemical sensors that can be used to identify potential threats to process water and industrial wastewater systems include inorganic monitors (e.g., chlorine analyzer), organic monitors (e.g., total organic carbon analyzer), and toxicity meters. Radiological meters can be used to measure concentrations of several different radioactive species. 

Along the same line, UV-vis based scanning for deviations from a blank reference in industrial wastewaters can indicate problems on an upstream level that remain undetected using conventional parameters. The so-called alarm parameters need not even be based on detailed interpretation of all absorption bands. In a coarse manner, absorption in certain spectral regions may correlate with lump parameters such as total organic carbon (TOC), dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and the like. ... 

Roth M, Murphy JM, Jr. 1978. Correlation of oxygen demand and total organic carbon test on wastewaters from ammunition plants. Proc Ind Waste Conf 32 674-688. 

It should be noted that wastewater typically has a high total organic carbon (TOC) content under which the rate of ozone decay is increased. Like chlorination, ozonation also generates oxidation products (due to the deprotonation and double-bond substi-mtion) whose nature and toxicity have rarely been determined. The disappearance of the primary pharmaceutical of interest during ozonation should not be regarded as a win-win simation all the time until the namre of products are determined to be harmless. A combination of both ozonation and GAC offer even better removal of PPCPs from water. 

The purification ofTNT during its manufacture produces a wastewater known as red water . Red water contains a variety of nitro-substituted toluene isomers as well as their sulfonated derivatives. Hao et al. (1993) used wet air oxidation (WAO) at temperatures up to 340 °C to remove much of the total organic carbon. WAO-treated red water was tested against nontreated red water for the toxicity to Nitrosomonas and activated sludge cultures. Despite some lingering effects, a significant decrease in toxicity was observed, raising the possibility that the abiotic WAO pretreatment may be a viable process for further remediation of red water. 

One-stop reduction or elimination of most contaminants (impurities) in the wastewater stream, e.g., total dissolved solids (TDS), chemical oxygen demand (COD), 5-d biochemical oxygen demand (BODj), total organic carbon (TOC), color, suspended solids, nitrogen, phosphorus, and heavy metals. 

Figure 10.8 Refinery wastewater effluent C levels of total organic carbon (TOC), dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and oil and grease during incubation at 20°C (values are the averages for duplicate flasks).

A wastewater flowrate of 180 m /day has a TOC (total organic carbon level) of 200 mg/L. A flxed-bed GAC adsorption column wiU be used to reduce the maximum effluent concentration to 8 mg/L. A breakthrough curve. Figure 7.12, has been obtained from an experimental pilot column operated at 2(BV)/hr. Other data concerning the pilot column are mass of carbon = 4.13 kg, water flowrate = 15 L/hr, and packed carbon density = 400 kg/m. Using the scale-up approach, determine the values of the following parameters for the design column ... 

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