Solid wastes sources

At a solid-waste energy source, steam at 4 MPa and 260°C is available at a mass flow rate of 1 kg/sec. A barometric condenser at lOkPa is used to decrease the turbine exhaust temperature. The turbine efficiency is 85%, and cooling water is available at 25°C. Find the power produced by the solid-waste power plant. 

As discussed previously, mineral processing produces large quantities of waste solids. Other sources of waste solids include ash from coal combustion, municipal garbage, and solid wastes from various industrial processes. Ultimately, these wastes are placed on or in the geosphere. Such measures have an obvious potential for pollution. 

Demirbas, A., 2006. Biogas production from the organic fraction of municipal solid waste, energy sources, part A recovery. Utilities Environment Efficiency 28,1127-1134. 

Pohution prevention techniques must be evaluated through a thorough consideration of ah media, hence the term multimedia. This approach is a clear departure from previous pollution treatment or control techniques where it was acceptable to transfer a pollutant from one source to another in order to solve a waste problem. Such strategies merely provide short-term solutions to an ever increasing problem. As an example, air pollution control equipment prevents or reduces the discharge of waste into the air but at the same time can produce a solid (hazardous) waste problem. 

Process flow diagrams for all solid waste, wastewater, and air emissions sources... 

Sohd wastes, as noted previously, include all sohd or semisolid materials that are no longer considered of sufficient value to be retained in a given setting. The types and sources of solid wastes, the physical and chemical composition of sohd wastes, and typical solid-waste generation rates are considered in this subsection. 

Types of Solid Wastes The term solid wastes is aU-inchisive and encompasses all sources, types of classifications, compositions, and properties. As a basis for subsequent discussions, it will be helpful to define the various types of solid wastes that are generated. It is important to note that the definitions of solid-waste terms and the classifications vary greatly in prac tice and in literature. Consequently, the use of published data requires considerable care, judgment, and common sense. The following definitions are intended to serve as a guide. 

Conventional Wastes Sources and types of industrial solid wastes generated by Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) group classification are reported in Table 25-49. The expected specific wastes in the table are those that are most readily identifiable. 

Density. Typical densities for various wastes as found in containers are reported oy source in Table 25-50. Because the densities of solid wastes vaiy markedly with geographical location, season of the year, and length of time in storage, great care should be used in select-ing typical values. 

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