Waste minimization improvement analysis

A matrix of wastes minimization is formulated for organizing the available heuristics and techniques of wastes minimization. The process is based on the analysis of the heuristics and techniques that improve the characteristics related with the waste sources... 

Life cycle assessment involves an inventory analysis to provide information about the consumption of material and release of wastes from the point that raw material is obtained to make a product to the time of its ultimate fate, an impact analysis to consider the environmental and other impacts of the product, and an improvement analysis to determine the measures that can be taken to reduce impacts. A life cycle assessment gives a high priority to the choice of materials in a way that minimizes wastes. It considers which materials and whole components can be used or recycled. And it considers alternate pathways for manufacturing processes or, in the case of chemical manufacture, alternate synthesis routes. 

Trends in mass spectrometry focus on the improvement of instrumentation, of several techniques in order to minimize sample volume, to improve sensitivity and to reduce detection limits. This is combined with increasing the speed of several analyses, with automation of analytical procedures and subsequently reducing the price of analysis. A minimizing of sample volumes means a reduction of waste volume with the aim of developing green chemistry . Furthermore, new analytical techniques involve a development of quantification procedures to improve the accuracy and precision of analytical data. Special attention in future will be given to the development of hyphenated mass spectrometric techniques for speciation analysis and of surface analytical techniques with improved lateral resolution in the nm scale range. 

Competitiveness, productivity, quality, and waste reduction are frequently heard in the industry circles. The pressure is grooving to make high-quality products at lower cost and with less waste. In response to these needs, a new subdiscipline of analytical chemistry has emerged process analytical chemistry (PAC) [1]. Unlike traditional chemical analysis, which is performed in well-equipped laboratories with the aim to identify and quantify small amounts of analytes, the goal of PAC is to supply quantitative and qualitative information about a chemical process that can be used not only to monitor and control the process, but also to optimize its efficient use of energy, time, and raw materials. In addition, it is possible to simultaneously minimize plant effluent release and improve product quality. 

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