Waste fats

In operations similar to the E. ashbjii procedures, the closely related fungus Jishbjagossjpii gave similar yields. Thus, a yield of 7.3 g/L was obtained with a lyoptulked culture in a medium containing fat, leather glue, and com extracts (50), and 6.420 g/L with bone or hide fat, alone or in a mixture with other plant or animal fats as the carbon source (51). The yield from immersed cultures ofM. gossjpii was increased to 6.93—7.20 g/L by use of waste fats or technical cod-Hver oil (52). 

Abfallerzeugnis, n. waste product. Abf everWertung,/. utilization of waste. Abfall-fett, n. waste fat or grease, -gummi, n. waste rubber, scrap rubber, -gut, n. waste material (to be treated for recovery), -hefe, /. waste yeast, -holz, n. waste wood, abfallig, a. falling off, sloping, etc. (see abfallen) deciduous adverse. 

Chemical plants are a series of operations that take raw materials and convert them into desired products, salable by-products, and unwanted wastes. Fats and oils obtained from animals and plants are hydrolyzed (reacted with water) and then reacted with soda ash or sodium hydroxide to make soaps and glycerine. Bromine and iodine are recovered from sea water and salt brines. Nitrogen and hydrogen are reacted together under pressure in the presence of a catalyst to produce ammonia, the basic ingredient used in the production of synthetic fertilizers. 

Biodiesel is produced on the industrial scale by methanolysis of vegetable oUs (usually rape or soybean) or waste fat, particularly using frying oils. Methanolysis proceeds with modest amounts of base catalyst, provided the levels of free fatty acid and water in the oil are low (24, 25). The fatty acid content may be reduced by physical or chemical treatment before methanolysis but for waste fats, alternative processes that do not use base catalysis may be preferred. Lipase catalyzed methanolysis is less sensitive to fatty acid and water in the oil and has been tested in batch (26) and fixed-bed reactor (27) conversion of waste oil and grease to biodiesel. 

It has been shown that when fatty acid methyl esters are pyrolysed over activated alumina at 400 C at a weight-hourly space velocity of 0.45, they are completely deoxygenated to form linear hydrocarbons. These are completely compatible with petrodiesel with which they can be blended in all proportions. Because the blending of biodiesel with petrodiesel is one strategy for addressing the CFPP, the pyrolytic deoxygenation offers several options for the use of waste fats and oils as biodiesel precursors. 

Waste fat 1040 Waste water from brewing industries 500... 

Expected biogas yields for different substrates are given in Table Vll. Already digested substrates like liquid manure and droppings show, in general, smaller yields than fresh material, e.g., roadside green or waste fat. Economic viability, however, also depends on the rate. 

Lebedevas,S.,Vaicekauskas,A.,Lebedeva,G.,Makareviciene, V, Janulis, E, Kazancev, K. (2006) Use of waste fats of animal and vegetable origin for the production of biodiesel fuel quality, motor properties, and emissions of harmful components. Energy Fuels, 20, 2274-2280. 

Fats mid Oils—Waste Fats—Fatty Acids—Less-known Oils and Fats of Limited... 

Waste Fats.—Under this classification may be included marrow fat, skin greases, bone fats, animal grease, melted stuff from hotel and restaurant refuse, and similar fatty products. The following is a fair typical selection —... 

Fats and Oils—Waste Fats—Fatty Acids—Less-known Oils and Fats of Limited Use—Various New Fats and Oils Suggested for Soap-making — Rosin—Alkali (Caustic and Carbonated)— Water—Salt—Soap-stock. 

Numerous lipases have been applied for biodiesel production, with a large variety of triglyceride substrates and acyl acceptors. They have been successfully used for the conversion of waste fats and oils, eliminating the main issue of traditional aUcaline transesterification. However, some precaution must be taken when using methanol in order to avoid lipase inhibition. The results obtained have proved that high productivity, involving yield and numbers of reuse, as well as low reaction time, can be achieved when using enzymes. Further improvements can make industrial enzymatic biodiesel production a viable option for the future. 

Emerald Biofuels Commercial US Waste fats and oils, other Diesel Under constmction... 

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