Crocking fastness

Fastness properties (especially wash fastness and wet- and dry-crock fastness) of the dyeings by the present method are comparable to those obtained by conventional dyeing. The merits of the present catalyst system are (a) it does not require an afterwash, and (b) there is minimal danger of overcuring. 

Oil repellency = OR, water repellency = WR, dry soil = DS, soil release = SR, crocking fastness = CF, antistatic = AS, handle = H, permanence = P. 

Although silicones give very smooth films around any kind of fibre, silicone finishes (soft handle, water repellency, stretch) may reduce the crocking fastness. 

Softeners on dyed polyester often cause more disperse dye migration (especially thermomigration) and cause reduced crocking fastness. This is similar to softeners on the basis of fatty acids and azoic dyeings. 

Good crock fastness eliminates reductive after-treatment in nearly all cases. 

Perlit SE. [Miles/Oi anic Prods.] Af-tertieadng agent Iot iiq roving crock-fastness of dyeings on synthetic fibeis. 

Features Exc. mech. stability, dry clean fastness, wash fastness, light fastness very good wet and dry crock fastness good abrasion fastness Properties Milky wh. liq. 300 nm avg. particle diam. dens. 1.06 g/cm vise. < 200 cps pH 3.5 1 nonionic Acramin Binder PUD 01 [Bayer/Industrial Chems./Textile]... 

Many thousands of colorant species have been synthesized in order to obtain the breadth of shade and dyeing properties desired by the textile industry, the largest user of dyestuffs. The principal requirement for a good textile dye is that it be substantive (i.e., have affinity for the fiber being dyed). This requires that there be some potential for attraction between the fiber and the dye as well as a mechanism for permanently affixing the dye to the fiber. This subject is discussed in more detail below. Other desirable dye properties include uniform dyeing, wash fastness, resistance to rub off (crock fastness), bleach fastness, and lightfastness. 

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