Warfarin pharmacogenetics

Scott SA, Edelmann L, Kornreich R, et al. Warfarin pharmacogenetics CYP2C9 and VKORC1 genotypes predict different sensitivity and resistance frequencies in the Ashkenazi and Sephardi Jewish populations. Am J Hum Genet 2008 82 495-500. 

Kadian-Dodov DL, van der Zee SA, Scott SA, Peter I, Martis S, Doheny DO, Rothlauf EB, Lubitz SA, Desnick RJ, Halperin JL (2013) Warfarin pharmacogenetics a controlled dose-response study in healthy subjects. Vase Med 18 290-297... 

Pharmacogenetics the responses to dmgs may be significantiy different according to heritable factors that can modulate pharmacodynamic or pharmacogenetic factors (118). Atypical cholinesterase occurs in about 1 in 2000 Caucasians and is associated with a markedly reduced sensitivity to hydrolysis of the muscle-relaxant cholinesterase. Similarly, the reduced sensitivity to the anticoagulant warfarin is associated with a reduced receptor affinity. 

Wadelius, M. and Pirmohamed, M. (2007). Pharmacogenetics of warfarin current status and future challenges. Pharmacogenomics Journal 7, 99-111. 

Rettie, A. E. etal. (1994). Impaired (S)-warfarin metabolism catalysed by the R144C allelic variant of CYP2C9. Pharmacogenetics, 4, 39 42. 

Steward DJ, Haining RL, Henne KR, et al. Genetic association between sensitivity to warfarin and expression of CYP2C9 3. Pharmacogenetics 1997 7(5) 361-367. 

Lesko U The critical path of warfarin dosing Finding an optimal dosing strategy using pharmacogenetics. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2008 84 301 http //www.fda.gov/cder/genomics/publications.htm... 

Genetic factors that influence enzyme levels account for some of these differences. Succinylcholine, for example, is metabolized only half as rapidly in persons with genetically determined defects in pseudocholinesterase as in persons with normally functioning pseudocholinesterase. Analogous pharmacogenetic differences are seen in the acetylation of isoniazid (Figure 4-5) and the hydroxylation of warfarin. The defect in slow acetylators (of isoniazid and similar amines) appears to be caused by the synthesis of less of the enzyme rather than of an abnormal form of it. Inherited as an autosomal recessive trait, the slow acetylator phenotype occurs in about 50% of blacks and... 

Gage BF Eby C, Milligan PE, et al. Use of pharmacogenetics and clinical factors to predict the maintenance dose of warfarin, Thromb Haemost 2004 91 87-94. 

Veenstra DL, Ydu JH, Rieder MJ, et al. Association of vit K epoxide reductase complex I (VKORKCI) variants with warfarin dose in a Hong Kong Chinese patient population. Pharmacogenet Genomics 2005 15 687-691. 

King, B.P. et al. Upstream and coding region CYP2C9 polymorphisms correlation with warfarin dose and metabolism. Pharmacogenetics 2004, 14 813-822. 

Failure of certain individuals to respond to normal doses of a drug, e.g. resistance to warfarin, vitamin D, may be said to constitute a form of natural tolerance (see Pharmacogenetics p. 122). 

Palacio L, et al. Pharmacogenetic Impact of VKORC1 and CYP2C9 Allelic Variants on warfarin dose requirements in a Hispanic population isolate. Clin Appl Thromb Hemost. 2009 16 83-90. 

Takahashi H, Echizen H. Pharmacogenetics of warfarin elimination and its clinical implications. Clin Pharmacokinet 2001 40 587-603. 

Pediatric warfarin practice and pharmacogenetic testing. Thromb Res 126 el44-el46... 

Gage BF, Lesko LJ. Pharmacogenetics of warfarin regulatory, scientific, and clinical issues. J Thromb Thrombolysis 2008 25(l) 45—51. 

Flockhart DA, O Kane D, Williams MS, et al. Pharmacogenetic testing of CYP2C9 and VKORCl alleles for warfarin. Genet Med 2008 10(2) 139-50. 

Grice GR, Milligan PE, Eby C, et al. Pharmacogenetic dose refinement prevents warfarin overdose in a patient who is highly warfarin-sensitive. Thromb Haemost 2008 6(l) 207-9. 

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