Ward-Smith

A.J. Ward-Smith, Internal Fluid Flow, Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1980. 

B.S. Massey, revised by J. Ward-Smith, Mechanics of Fluids, Chapter 5, 8th edn, Taylor Francis, Abingdon, Oxford, 2006. 

Gidley MJ, Cooke D, Ward-Smith S. In Blanshard JMY Lillford PJ, eds. The Glassy State in Foods. Loughborough, UK Nottingham Univiversity Press 1993 303. 

Small quantities of polysaccharides can flocculate a dispersed phase through bridging (Ward-Smith, et al., 1994), whereby one attached molecule with other adsorption sites along it may attach itself to another or more surfaces, acting as the bridge this phenomenon is called bridging flocculation. A bridge may instead cause steric stabilization of the dispersed phase. In the view of van Oss (1991), steric stabilization is predominantly a polar repulsion between macromolecules that is influenced not by Brownian activity, but by osmosis. 

Ward-Smith, R. S., Hey, M. J., and Mitchell, J. R. (1994). Protein-polysaccharide interactions at the oil-water interface. Food Hydrocoll. 8 309-315. 

Gidley, M.J., Cooke, D., and Ward-Smith, S. (1993). Low-moisture polysaccharide systems thermal and spectroscopic aspects. In J.M.V. Blanshard and P.J. Lillford (Eds.), The Glassy State in Foods, Nottingham University Press, Nottingham, UK, pp. 303-316. 

Ward-Smith, A. J. Internal Fluid Flow The Fluid Dynamics of Flow in Pipes and Ducts Oxford University New York, 1980. 

Ward Smith reported the experimental observation of flow through smooth pipe bends of circular-arc curvature [43], The effects of bend angle, radius ratio, cross-sectional shape and Reynolds number also were examined. 

Ward Smith, A. J., The Flow and Pressure Losses in Smooth Pipe Bends of Constant Cross Section , J. Roy. Aeronautical Soc. 67 437—447 (1963). 

In practice, it is difficult to measure the pressure drop across the fitting only (Ward Smith, 1976) to distinguish between the incompletely developed and the fully-developed flow... 

In 1972, Lakshmana Rao and his co-workers obtained the pressure loss coefficients for laminar flow in five sharp square-edged long orifices with a constant p ratio of 0.2 whilst varying the thickness to diameter ratios from 0.48 to 10.11. Pressure loss coefficients in turbulent flow for orifices with P ratios of 0.36, 0.4, 0.5 and 0.7 with aspect ratios of 4, 4, 5 and 5 respectively are compared with those of Ward-Smith (1971) and Idel chik et al. (1994). Excellent agreement was found between experimental work and turbulent flow correlations from Ward-Smith (1971) and Idel chik et al. (1994), with maximum difference between the experimental data models were 9.87% and 12% respectively for the maximum beta ratio of 0.7. This difference was well within the experimental error obtained. The comparison shows clearly that correlations published by Ward-Smith (1971) and Idel chik et al. (1994) can be used from Re > 1000, although the two models has an applicability range from Re > ICh. 

Ward-Smith, A.J. 1976. Component interactions and their influence on the pressure losses in internal flow systems. Heat and Fluid Flow ImechE, Vol.6, No. 2, pp. 79-88 Whitehouse, R.C. (1993). The Valve and Actuator User s Manual, British Valve Manufacturers Association, Mechanical Engineering Publications, London. 

Ward-Smith, S., Jones, R., Wedd, M., Determination of Continuous Particle Size Distribution of Concentrated Sprays,Tm. Lab., 1999, January, pp. 17-21. 

Jakeways R, Smith T, Ward IM, Wilding MA (1976) J Polym Sci Polym Lett Ed 14 41... 

The first example of chemically induced multiplet polarization was observed on treatment of a solution of n-butyl bromide and n-butyl lithium in hexane with a little ether to initiate reaction by depolymerizing the organometallic compound (Ward and Lawler, 1967). Polarization (E/A) of the protons on carbon atoms 1 and 2 in the 1-butene produced was observed and taken as evidence of the correctness of an earlier suggestion (Bryce-Smith, 1956) that radical intermediates are involved in this elimination. Similar observations were made in the reaction of t-butyl lithium with n-butyl bromide when both 1-butene and isobutene were found to be polarized. The observations were particularly significant because multiplet polarization could not be explained by the electron-nuclear cross-relaxation theory of CIDNP then being advanced to explain net polarization (Lawler, 1967 Bargon and Fischer, 1967). 

Veber DF, Johnson SR, Cheng H-Y, Smith BR, Ward KW, Kopple KD. Molecular properties that influence the oral bioavailability of drug candidates. J Med Chem 2002 45 2615-23. 

Modified from Albelda SM, Smith CW, Ward PA Adhesion molecules and inflammatory injury. FASEB J1994,-8504. 

Veber, D.F., Johnson, S.R., Cheng, H.Y., Smith, B.R., Ward, K.W., Kopple, K.D. (2002) Molecular Properties that Influence the Oral BioavaUability of Drug Candidates. Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, 45, 2671-2623. 

Veber, D., Johnson, S., Cheng, H., Smith, B., Ward, K., Kopple, K. D. Molecular properties that infiuence the oral bioavailability of drug candidates. /. Med. Chem. 2002, 45, 2615-2623. 

Laura Smith, Adam Webb, and Stephen G. Ward... 

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