Ward, Francis

Membranes made by the Loeb-Sourirajan process consist of a single membrane material, but the porosity and pore size change in different layers of the membrane. Anisotropic membranes made by other techniques and used on a large scale often consist of layers of different materials which serve different functions. Important examples are membranes made by the interfacial polymerization process discovered by Cadotte [15] and the solution-coating processes developed by Ward [16], Francis [17] and Riley [18], The following sections cover four types of anisotropic membranes ... 

Another important group of anisotropic composite membranes is formed by solution-coating a thin (0.5-2.0 xm) selective layer on a suitable microporous support. Membranes of this type were first prepared by Ward, Browall, and others at General Electric [52] and by Forester and Francis at North Star Research [17,53] using a type of Langmuir trough system. In this system, a dilute polymer solution in a volatile water-insoluble solvent is spread over the surface of a water-filled trough. 

B.S. Massey, revised by J. Ward-Smith, Mechanics of Fluids, Chapter 5, 8th edn, Taylor Francis, Abingdon, Oxford, 2006. 

Francis, C. A., O MuUan, G. D., and Ward, B. B. (2003). Diversity of ammonia monooxygenase (amoA) genes across environmental gradients in Chesapeake Bay sediments. Geobiology 1, 129-140. 

Recently research has revealed that nitrification is not exclusively associated with chemoautotrophic bacteria of the P and y proteobacteria, but occurs in many Crenarcheaota as well (Francis et al, 2005 Konneke et al, 2005 Wuchter et al, 2006) who may in fact may dominate this process in seawater (Wuchter et al, 2006) (see Chapter 5 by Ward, this volume). The extent that archael nitrification occurs in coral reef habitats remains to be determined. Ammonium oxidation has also been shown to occur anoxicaUy in some marine sediments at the expense of N02 (Thamdrup and Dalsgaard, 2002) (see Chapter 6, Devol, this volume). 

The terms petroleum gas and refinery gas are often used to identify liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) or even gas that emanates from the top of a refinery distillation column. For the purpose of this text, petroleum gas not only describes liquefied petroleum gas but also natural gas and refinery gas (Guthrie, 1967 Francis and Peters, 1980 Rawlinson and Ward, 1973 Hoffman, 1983 Moustafa, 1996 Speight, 1999). In this chapter, each gas is, in turn, referenced by its name rather than the generic term petroleum gas (ASTM D-4150). However, the composition of each gas varies (Table 3.1) and recognition of this is essential before testing protocols are applied. 

Francis Waller, Air Products and Chemicals Jian Wang, Merck David G. Ward, W. R. Grace Hengxu Wei, Glaxo SmithKline James White, Engelhard Frederick Wilhem, Air Products and Chemicals... 

Stig R Friberg, Anthony J. Ward, Selda GunseP, and Francis . Lockwood ... 

Alcock left Oxford for Bath in 1757 and he was replaced as the anatomy lecturer by John Smith (1721-1796). It is not clear if Smith also replaced Alcock as the chemistry lecturer - it is significant that Francis Bayley went to Edinburgh in exactly this period - but he gave chemistry lectures as part of an anatomy course in 1759. Chemistry came after agriculture, and was only a small part of the course. Smith drew heavily on other authors and he kept the content of his lectures within the medical remit of the course. For example, alkaline salts was largely a discussion of bile and limewater was mentioned for its ability to dissolve kidney stones. This is not to say that he was completely out of touch with contemporary developments. He mentioned Black s MD thesis (which had been published only five years earlier) and Joshua Ward s process for the manufacture of sulfuric acid. It appears that Smith continued to teach chemistry alongside anatomy at least until he was appointed Savilian Professor of Geometry in 1766. ... 

Hine, P.J., Ward, I.M., in Michler, G.H., Balta-Calieja, F.J. (Eds.), Mechanical Properties of Polymers Based on Nanostructure and Morphology (2005) Taylor Francis, Boca Raton, Fiorida, Chapter 16, pp. 683 727... 

Figure 10.10 Temperature dependence of tan S in a cold-drawn and annealed HDPE sheet in different directions at 50 Hz. (Reproduced from Stachurski, Z.H. and Ward, I.M. (1969) Mechanical relaxations in polyethylene. J. Macromol. Sci. Phys. B, 3, 445. Copyright (1969) Taylor and Francis.)...

Figure 12.40 Graph of angle of band with draw direction for various angles 0 of the tensile direction with the draw direction. (Reproduced from Brown, N., Duckett, R.A. and Ward, I.M. (1968) The yield behaviour of oriented polyethylene terephthalate. Phil. Mag., 18, 483. Copyright (1968) Taylor and Francis.)...

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