Walnuts Juglans spp

Catechin and the proanthocyanidin prodelphinidin B3 are, respectively, the major monomeric and dimeric flavan-3-ols found in barley and malt where prodelphinidin B3 is the main contributor for the radical scavenging activity [Dvorakova et al., 2007], Proanthocyanidins have also been detected in nuts. Hazelnuts (Corylus avellana) and pecans (Carya illinoensis) are particularly rich in proanthocyanidins containing ca. 5 g kg, whereas almonds (Prunus dulcis) and pistachios (Pistachio vera) contain 1.8-2.4 mg kg 1, walnuts (Juglans spp.) ca. 0.67 g kg, roasted peanuts (Arachis hypgaea) 0.16 g kg, and cashews (Anarcardium occidentale) 0.09 g kg 1 [Crozier et al., 2006c]. Dark chocolate derived from the roasted seeds of cocoa (Theobroma cacao) is also a rich source of procyanidins [Gu et al., 2004], Monomeric flavan-3-ols and the proanthocyanidin B2, B5 dimers, and Q trimer are found in fresh cocoa beans (Fig. 1.13). Flavan-3-ols have also been detected in mint... 

A black pigment has been produced historically by thermal decomposition of various fruit kernels such as those from peach (Prunus persica), cherry Pruniis spp.), date (Phoenix dactyliferd), almond (Prunus amygdalus), walnut (Juglans spp.), coconut (Cocos nucifera) and so forth. BotanicaJly most of these are what are known as drupes - fleshy fruit that develop from either one or... 

A group of natural and synthetic dyestuffs based on the naphthoquinone structure (phenolic) have found use in the formation of lake and other pigments. Naphthoquinones are found in the leaves, blossoms, wood, bark, roots and fruit of about 20 different species. Those which are found in pigment use are AUcannin and Alkannan in AUcanet from plant species such as Alkanna lehmannii Tineo (formerly known as Alkanna tinctoria Tausch.), Macrotomia spp., Onosma spp. and juglone in Walnut qq.v.) fiom Juglans spp. 

Juglans spp. J. nigra L. . 1. regia L. Juglandaceae Walnut Juglone Thompson (1935) ... 

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