Volume Volumetric

Expressed in terms of volume, volumetric flow rate and concentration, this is equivalent to... 

Thus the time constant for the process is equal to the mean residence or holdup time in the tank and has units of time, (volume/volumetric flow rate). 

In the direct calorimetric determination (-AH = f(njj), the amount adsorbed (nj is calculated either from the variations of the gas pressure in a known volume (volumetric determination) or from variations of the weight of the catalyst sample in a static or continuous-flow apparatus (gravimetric determination), or from variations of the intensity of a mass spectrometer signal [151]. 

Equation (8.5) does not account for the volumetric efficiency (VE) loss of reciprocating-type compressors. Volumetric efficiency is simply the clearance allowed in the compressor cylinder head in which this compressed gas volume is allowed to mix with the inlet gas to be compressed in the next compression stroke. Thus this compressed gas in the cylinder clearance is recycling, which makes the output of the compressor less efficient, the larger this clearance volume. Volumetric efficiencies usually range fron 6 to 20%. An average reciprocating compressor VE should be 10%. For conservative cost calculating, use 15% of overall GHP for the VE efficiency. 

There are four categories of containers used to measure volume volumetric flasks, graduated cylinders, burettes, and pipettes. Of the four, volumetric flasks are used exclusively to measure how much has been put into them. This use is known as to contain. Graduated cylinders and a few pipettes are used to measure how much has been put into them as well as how much they can dispense. The latter measurement is known as to deliver. Burettes and most pipettes are used solely to deliver. 

P = absolute pressure of a gas V(V) = volume (volumetric flow rate) of the gas (h) = number of moles (molar flow rate) of the gas... 

Another empirical rule based on considerable practical experience (Bennett, Fiedehnan and Randolph, 1973) suggests that for scale-up at constant magma density and residence time, the quantity R /T should be kept constant, R = agitator tip speed and T = turnover time, i.e. crystallizer volume/volumetric liquor circulation rate. 

Immediately after recovery of a sampler a suitable volumetric flask is rinsed twice with about 50-100 mL of sample seawater. The flask is then filled to the mark to subsample a precisely known water volume. Volumetric flasks or Stohmann bottles with ground glass stoppers were found to be fairly handy for the purpose. 

Figure 1.5 shows some laboratory glassware for woricing with volumes. Volumetric flasks and pipets have a fixed volume indicated by a mark on the neck. 

Whatever the application, one of the main parameters characterizing an anode is its capacity, which can be defined as the number of Li-based charges that can be reversibly stored in a unit mass (specific capacity, traditionally expressed in Ah/g 1 Ah = 3600 C) or in a unit volume (volumetric capacity, expressed in Ah/cm ) of the active anode material. For instance, the specific capacity of an anode made of pure lithium is just the number of Li atoms/g in the metal multiplied by the elementary charge (since lithium redox reactions involve one electron only), i.e., 3.860 Ah/g or 3860 mAh/g (corresponding to 2046 mAh/cm ). For an alloy such as Li My, the specific capacity can he expressed as ... 

Many chemicals used in water treatment are delivered and fed in dry form. Table 5-1 lists some common dry treatment chemicals and their common forms. Chemical feed systems measure these chemicals either by volume (volumetric) or by weight (gravimetric). Dry chemicals are sometimes delivered directly to the water. It is far more common, however, to mix the dry chemical with a small volume of water first. The concentrated solution or slurry is then fed into the water, where it is thoroughly mixed. This method is better at dispersing the chemical into the treated water. 

For a plug flow reactor (PFR) model, the kinetic expressions are defined through the residence time t (t= V-p /V, = reactor volume, = volumetric flow rate) giving... 

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