Volume ramp

One of the benefits of the prismatic cell is that it has the higher capacity typical of laminate cell, but it also may integrate some of the safety features of the small cells such as vents and, occasionally, thermal fuses. The prismatic cell may also use a mechanical connection to the cell which reduces the need to weld the bus bars to make the cell to cell connections in a pack. The issues of this cell format include the risk of cascading failure (much more energy is released in a large cell failure). In addition, as these cell formats are still produced in relatively low volumes, ramping up the manufacturing to volumes and quality that match those of the 18650 format will take time. 

Fig. 2.17. Fused quartz is known to have an anomalous softening with stress or pressure in both static and shock loading. The time-resolved wave profile measured with a VISAR system shows the typical low pressure ramp followed by a shock at higher pressure. The release to zero pressure is with a shock, in agreement with the shape of the pressure-volume curve (after Setchell [88S01]).

Sample treatment was studied by the saturated fractional design considering volumes and concentrations of acids, temperatures, ramp time and hold time for the microwave heating. An optimised programme was set after the central composite study... 

Gas Chromatograph HP 5890 Series II Column Supelco SPB-5 column (530 fim x 15 m) Detector Nitrogen phosphorus detector (NPD) Injector Cool on-column Temperature program Ramp 35 °C - 250 °C Injection volume 2/d... 

Yarwood et al. (33) investigated the influence of cooling rate, initial concentration of solute, and fill volume on physical form and chemical stability of sodium ethacrynate. The freezing protocol consisted of ramping from room temperature to -25 C over four hours vs. placing vials on shelves... 

Watch the recorder or computer baseline. When it is stable, slow the pump flow to 0.1 mL/min, remove the column blank, and connect the Cl8 column to the injector. Do not connect the column to the detector yet. Wash the column solvent into a beaker (start a slow flow ramp up from 0.1 to l.OmL/min) for six column volumes (12-18mL). Pressure should slowly increase to around 2000 psi at 1 mL/min due to column backpressure. (Lab note Always hook up a column with solvent running to prevent introducing air from the column head into the column.)... 

Figure 5 CEC-ESI-MS chromatogram recorded in selected ion monitoring mode (TIC) of a mixture of thiazide diuretics (100 (xg/mL) using a step gradient. Voltage 30 kV, HPLC injection volume 5 xl, flow rate 10 (xL/min for 3 min, then 100 xl /min. Gradient initial, ammonium acetate 5 mM in acetonitrile water (1/1) held for 3 min, then ramped to 80% acetonitrile in 0.1 min, maintained for 35 min. Column Hypersil ODS, 3 xm, 46 cm fully packed. (1) hydroflumethiazide, (2) meth-ylclothiazide, (3) metolazone, (4) epitiside, (5) bendrofluazide. (Reprinted from Ref. 39, with permission.)...

Figure 10 CEC-UV chromatogram (240 nm) of a mixture of 10 corticosteroids (100 qg/mL) using a linear gradient elution program. Voltage = 30 kV, HPLC injection volume = 10 pL, flow-rate = 10 pL/min for 3 min, then decreased to 100 pL/ min. Gradient program = initial ammonium acetate, 5 mM, in acetonitrile/water (17/83), held for 3 min, then ramped to 38% acetonitrile at 15 min and maintained to end of run. Column = Hypersil ODS, 3 pm, 42 cm total length, 30 cm packed length, 30.1 cm to window, 1 = triamcinolone, 2 = hydrocortisone and prednisolone co-eluting, 3 = cortisone, 4 = methylprednisolone, 5 = betamethasone, 6 = dexamethasone, 7 = adrenosterone, 8 = fluocortolone, 9 = triamcinolone aceto-nide. (Reprinted from Ref. 57, with permission.)...

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