Electrostatic Voltage Drops

Figure 7-13 Electrical charge accumulation in a feed line resulting from fluid flow. Electrostatic Voltage Drops...

The Northern States Power facility experienced significant operational problems with their electrolyzed pebble bed scrubber during tests burning from 7 to 9 percent TDF (mixed with woodwaste) in a retrofitted fluidized combustion bed boiler. The electrostatic voltage dropped to near zero on several occasions on others, the collection efficiency declined continually. Several reasons for this are suggested. First, the ash during the test was more cohesive... 

Figure 6. Schematic potential seen by a hydroxyl ion as it moves across a Nafion perfluorinated membrane in a chlor-alkali cell. This potential consists of two parts a constant sloping portion that arises from the voltage drop across the membrane and an oscillating part that arises from electrostatic restriction of the hydroxyl ions. Physically, the hills and troughs correspond to the channel and cluster regions, respectively. For simplicity, a one-dimensional, periodic, model potential is used to evaluate the membrane current efficiency although the real potential is three-dimensional and aperiodic.

The series sum of Eqs. 1 and 2 predicts rather small capacitance values ( 10 yf/cm ) for solid-electrolyte interfaces with purely electrostatic charge storage. For voltage drops of electrochemical interest, the corresponding surface charge density... 

Acetylcholineesterase Bilayer lipid membranes were prepared by adding a solution of egg phosphatidylcholine and dipalmi-toyl phosphatidic acid dropwise into the surface of aqueous 0.1 M KC1/10 mM HEPES, near the Saran Wrap partition of a two compartment plexiglass cell. A portion of AChE solution in 10 mM Tris hydrochloride buffer solution of pH 7.4 was applied. The electrolyte level was momentarily dropped below the orifice and raised to form a membrane. The membranes were used as transducers for the reaction of AChE with ACh. An external voltage (25 mV) was applied across the membrane between two Ag/AgCl reference electrodes. Enzymatically generated hydronium ion causes transient current due to alteration of the electrostatic field by the ionization of dipalmitoyl phosphatidic acid. The response delay time was directly related to the substrate concentration where acetylcholine can be determined from 1 pM upto mM level. [113]... 

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