Voltage drop in the electrolyte

The potential difference p3 — applied voltage U. Usually both differ by a constant. A possible voltage drop in the electrolyte, in particular with low salt concentrations, should be considered too. Since ip13 — p>a and U differ only by a constant and d((p3 — pa) = dU, Eq. (5.3) is still valid. From the last expression the Lippman equation... 

As the cathodic reaction is the reverse of the anodic one, the theoretical thermodynamic cell potential is 0 V. In actual practice, the cell voltage required to drive the process accounts for the voltage drops in the electrolyte, anode and cathode electrical connections, electrical circuit losses, and overpotentials for both electrode reactions when occurring at a reasonable rate. 

Figure 5 (left) shows an arbitrary cross section of the well under consideration. The current density in the concrete is considered to be oriented in radial direction. Under these circumstances, the concrete is introduced into the model as a passive media which introduces an additional ohmic-type voltage drop in the electrolyte. The idea is to derive the equivalent resistance offered by the concrete and use it to adjust the original polarization curve of the steel, as illustrated in Figure 5 (right). The original polarization curve of the steel shown in red is corrected with a linear ohmic drop (dashed line). The resulting polarization curve used in the model is represented with a thick black continuous... 

A special cell concept combining ease of construction and scale-up is the capillary gap cell, which is mainly applied in electro-organic synthesis, where low conductivities of the electrolytes are a major problem, Figs 6 and 7, [13, 28, 67, 89], The cell consists of circular disk electrodes with a small interelectrode gap (1-2 mm) to minimize the ohmic voltage drop in the electrolyte. The electrolyte... 

The gain in a voltage drop when applying the SPE electrodes naturally, grow with a dilution extent of the used acid. This gain, however, is concerned not only with a voltage drop in the electrolyte, but also with the fact, that overvoltage of both cathode and anode processes is decreased on suoh electrodes with rather developed siu face. Distribution of current in SPE is also improved, since electric field between the electrodes becomes more uniform. 

Usually, the potential drop in the electrolyte is much larger than that in the electrodes and electrical leads, and the contribution of the latter can be neglected. However, there are special situations in which the electrode resistance is not negligible or may even be dominating, for example in the cathodic protection of a buried pipeline where the voltage drop in the electrolyte is relatively small because of the large volume available for current flow. The following two examples illustrate how the polarization resistance and the electrode resistance, respectively, affect the current and potential distributions on an electrode. 

Cell voltage results from the summation of electrode reversible potentials, overpotentials, ohmic voltage drops in the electrolyte... 

Flow of current and voltage drop in the electrolyte are governed by Ohm s law ... 

Voltage drop in the electrolyte cathode ovcrpotential due to organics and polarization Anode and cathode electrical connections Busbar and lead losses Anode polarization 0.11-X)J3 a04-0.08 0.03-0.06 0.01-0.02 0.0-0.01... 

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