Volatility enhancement

Sheehan, E. W., Ketkar, S. and Willoughby, R. C., Volatility enhancement of nonvolatile solutes by the combination of a heated target and a solvent depleted particle beam , in Proceedings of the 39th ASMS Conference on Mass Spectrometry and Allied Topics, Nashville, TN, May 19-24, 1991, pp. 1306-1307. 

Plant volatiles [enhancement of pheromone attraction] (3Z)-Hex-3-en-l-yl acetate 38 [80]... 

Besides altering the relative volatility, the solvent should also be easily separated from the distillation products. Other criteria—e.g., toxicity, cost, etc.—discussed by Van Winkle (2) and others must be considered. Relative volatility enhancement is discussed in this paper. 

The solvent, being a low trailer, must be edded high in the columa to ensure volatility enhancement throughout die column. Additional stages are used above the solvent feed point to remove any entrained or volatilized solvent from the vapors leading to the distillate product. 

High volatility enhance selectivity easy separation of products Easily removed by evaporation,... 

Cr03(g) /L-— Mixed oxidation and volatility Enhanced oxidation due to Cr vapour... 

Beuhler R J, Flanagan E, Greene L J, Friedman L 1972 Volatility enhancement of thyrotropin releasing hormone for mass spectrometric studies. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 46 1082-1088... 

Cotter [1026] has reviewed thermal desorption/ volatilisation for volatility enhancement. Cotter s authoritative coverage includes desorption mechanisms, inert probe desorption and the various interrelations of evaporation of intact neutrals with thermal decomposition. 

It has been established that the apparent volatilities of transition and rare-earth metal halides are increased by several orders of magnitude through reactions of type (1) and (2) giving rise to vapor complex formation. The enhancement of the vapor densities of transition metal and/or rare-earth metal ions has commonly (see for example Papatheodorou 1982) been reported in the form of the uolatility enhancement factor. That is, when a reaction occurs between a solid rare-earth halide with low vapor pressure Ps (e.g. NdCb) and a more volatile salt (carrier gas) with partial pressure P (e.g. AlCl3,NaCl), and the partial pressure of the vapor complex is Pq, then the volatility enhancement factor is determined at unit pressure of the carrier gas as ... 

Finally, it should be pointed out that the data in table 13 and the semi-quantitative comparisons along the lanthanide series performed by Murase et al. (1993), suggest that the volatility enhancement increases from the lighter to the heavier lanthanides. 

The public s desire for a product that acts as a spatial repellent is reflected in the large number of products available. These products release the active ingredient into the area either passively, through unaltered volatilization and diffusion, or actively by applying heat, mechanical aerosoliza-tion, or volatilization enhanced by airflow. 

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