Vogel

Vogel W, Welsch D-G and Wilhelm B 1988 Time-resolved spectral hole burning Chem. Phys. Lett. 153 376-8... 

Vogel D, Kruger P and Pollmann J 1997 Structural and electronic properties of group-ill nitrides Phys. Rev. B 55 12 836, and references therein... 

Figure C2.1.15. Schematic representation of tire typicai compiiance of a poiymer as a function of temperature. (C) VOGEL-FULCHER AND WILLIAMS-LANDEL-FERRY EQUATIONS...

Kalachev A A, Sauer T, Vogel V, Plate N A and Wegner G 1990 Influence of subphase conditions on the properties of Langmuir-Blodgett-films from substituted phthalocyaninato-polysiloxanes Thin Solid Films 188 341-53... 

Richarz F, Wohimann B, Vogel U, Floffschulz FI and Wandelt K 1995 Surface and electrochemical characterization of PtRu alloys Surf. Scl. 335 361-71... 

For a convenient method, see Vogel, Text Book of Quantitative Inorganic Analysis Theory and PractieSy Second Edition, 1951, p. 263 (Longmans, Green and Co. Ltd.). 

See A. I, Vogel, A Text-Book of Macro and Semimicro Qualitative Inorganic AncUysiSf Fourth Edition, 1964, Longmana, Green Co> Ltd. 

The zinc powder should be analysed (for method, sec, for example, Vogel, Quanlitative Inorganic Analysis Theory and Practice, Second Edition I9. j2, p. 812 Longmans, Green and Co., Ltd.), and a proportional quantity employed if the zinc content is not 90 per cent. 

Strike sees a point to this in Vogel s text Practical Organic Chemistry (3 ed.)[37]. In it, Vogel crystallizes his ketones using a saturated sodium bisulfite solution that a/so contains a little solvent. This is in contrast to the straight up aqueous (only water) solution that Strike described above. Here is A/hat Vogel said on page 342 ... 

Fester [18] has made this modification to his recipe by promoting the idea that bubbling HCI gas into the safrole/48% aq HBr reaction mix one can affect dehydration allowing dominant bromination to occur. Strike does not know if that actually works. Could be. But what Strike and Eleusis draw on are the examples given by Vogel [37 p277]. 

When Vogel wants to brominate something using regular old 48% aq. HBr, he has sulfuric acid already present in the pot. The following is a representative recipe from his book. Just read it. Strike does not expect you to get the inference right away. Strike will explain Strike s interpretation afterwards. 

And in the recipe above, Vogel want s to get rid of a secondary alcohol just like the one on MD-P2Pol and replace it with a bromine. Wait a minuter you may say, That isn t a double bond like... 

Nitroethane and 1-(3,4 methylenedioxy) 2- nitropropane This method of producing the above mentioned nitro compounds is by far the best Ritter has come across yet The problem with standard nitroethane synthesis is that the -NO2 source most commonly used is silver nitrite (a la Merck Index citing). Needless to say, this is going to be an expensive compound to make as it is not available commercially but must be synthesized from costly silver nitrate. The other methods mentioned in Vogels 5th masterpiece... 

Recipes for making HBr (from Vogel s "Practical Organic Chemis-try"[37])... 

References Journal of Chemical Education, v14, pg542 Organic Reactions volume 3 Vogels Elementary Practical Organic Chemistry, pg574... 

Vogel, A.I., "A Textbook of Practical Organic Chemistry", (3rd Ed, Wiley Sons, New York, 1966)... 

A.I. Vogel, "Vogel s Textbook of Practical Organic Chemistry, including Qualitative Organic Analysis", 4th Edition, p. 325, Longman, London and New York, (1978). 

Epoxide opening with nucleophiles occurs at the less substituted carbon atom of the oxlrane ting. Cataiytic hydrogenolysis yields the more substituted alcohol. The scheme below contains also an example for trons-dibromination of a C—C double bond followed by dehy-drobromination with strong base for overall conversion into a conjugated diene. The bicycKc tetraene then isomerizes spontaneously to the aromatic l,6-oxido[l0]annulene (E. Vogel, 1964). 

Large annulenes tend to undergo conformational distortion, cis-trans isomerizations, and sig-matropic rearrangements (p. 40 and p. 100). Methylene-bridged conjugated (4n + 2)-ic cyclopolyenes were synthesized with the expectation that these almost planar annulenes should represent stable HOckel arenes (E, Vogel, 1970, 1975). 

An interesting general synthesis using repeating anellation procedures has been developed by E. Vogel (W. Wagemann, 1978). First cyclohepta-3,5,7-triene-l,3-... 

The use of sensitizing dyes in photography has been the subject of many studies and constitutes. still now. one of the most studied areas in specialized periodic publications (125, 126) or in textbooks (88. 127). It can be ascertained that one hundred years after Vogel s discovery of spectral sensitization, the basic mechanisms of action of dyes on their silver halide support still remain not fully understood. However, the theoretical reasons explaining why among many other dye families practically only cyanine methine dyes appear to be spectral sensitizers (128) are better known. 

A. 1. Vogel, Practical Organic Chemistry. Longmans, London, 1957, p. 840. 

Vogel s Textbook of Quantitative Inorganic Analysis, 4th ed. Longman London, 1981. 

Procedure adapted from Bassett, J. Denney, R. C. Jeffery, G. H. et al. Vogel s Textbook of Quantitative Inorganic Analysis. Longman London, 1978, pp. 559—560. 

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