VOC emissions reduction

VOC Emissions Reduction Approach. The Rule 66-type approach focuses on solvent composition further developments have led to regulatory approaches that emphasize overall VOC emission reduction. Even though the more reactive solvents react near their emission point, all VOC compounds eventually react to form ozone pollution. This may occur some distance downwind, increasing ozone levels in areas which have low artificial emissions. 

VOC Emissions Reduction/Ozone Attainment. Tide I of the 1990 Amendments continues the process of diminishing VOC emissions from all sources to reduce o2one concentrations. A compliance timetable by category has been estabUshed, which depends on the level of current o2one concentration. The definition of a major source also depends on the o2one nonattainment category ... 

In addition to achieving the o2one standard by the deadline, moderate and higher areas must demonstrate a total net VOC emissions reduction below the base year ia accordance with an aggressive schedule of percentage reductions. These reductions are 15% ia the first six years (through November 15, 1996), and 3%/yr thereafter. 

Conventional nitrocellulose lacquer finishing leads to the emission of large quantities of solvents into the atmosphere. An ingeneous approach to reducing VOC emissions is the use of supercritical carbon dioxide as a component of the solvent mixture (172). The critical temperature and pressure of CO2 are 31.3°C and 7.4 MPa (72.9 atm), respectively. Below that temperature and above that pressure, CO2 is a supercritical fluid. It has been found that under these conditions, the solvency properties of CO2 ate similar to aromatic hydrocarbons (see Supercritical fluids). The coating is shipped in a concentrated form, then metered with supercritical CO2 into a proportioning airless spray gun system in such a ratio as to reduce the viscosity to the level needed for proper atomization. VOC emission reductions of 50% or more are projected. 

Pilot Studies. AppHcations requiring the reduction of VOC emissions have increased dramatically. On-site pilot tests are beneficial in providing useful information regarding VOC emission reduction appHcations. Information that can be obtained includes optimum catalyst operating conditions, the presence of contaminants in the gas stream, and the effects of these contaminants (see Pilotplants and microplants). 

Marks, j. R., and R. F. Weston. Technical and Cost Comparison of VOC Emission Reduction Techniques, 1989 AIChE Summer National Meeting, Philadelphia, August 22, 1989. 

Willemse, F.R.J. (1993) The present state of VOC emission reduction possibilities in... 

The simple model was not directly used for monitoring VOC emissions. The EPA determined that a fuel with an RVP of 8.1 psi and 2.0 wt% oxygen would be sufficient to achieve the minimum 15% VOC emission reduction. Baseline emission levels are from 1990 model year (MY) vehicles operated on a baseline gasoline (Table 1). The baseline fuel, derived from average survey data of the compositions of gasolines in the United States in 1989, is shown in Table 1. This baseline fuel was defined to indicate a performance standard and not a formula composition standard. To achieve equivalency certification, refiner and importer s gasoline must comply with the CAA requirements for emissions as shown in Table 2. " ... 

VOC Emission Reduction Study at the Hill Air Force Base Building 515 Painting Facility... 

NO, Substitution. As provided in the CAA [section 182(c)(2)(C)], NO, control may be substituted for the VOC control required to meet the post-1996 VOC emissions reductions progress requirements or may be combined with VOC control in order to maximize the reduction in ozone air pollution for purposes of meeting those requirements. In order to substitute NO reductions for VOC, the State must demonstrate to EPA, consistent with EPA guidance, that the NO, reductions would result in reductions in ambient ozone concentrations at least equivalent to that which would result from the amount of VOC emission reductions otherwise required. 

Environmental Engineering 1. Preliminary Design of a Wastewater Treatment Process for the Village of San Francisco, El Salvador 2. Design of VOC Emission Reduction Strategies for Poly con Industries in Guelph... 

Supercritical CO2. Union Carbide patented the novel use of supercritical carbon dioxide paint application as a means to effectively lower the VOCs of coatings. In this process, supercritical carbon dioxide, at conditions above critical temperature and pressure in the phase diagram (for CO2 the critical point is 72.8 atm and 31.1°C) acts as a liquid, and is utilized as a solvent enabling a coating to be applied at increased solids and reduced VOCs. Coating composition can remain essentially the same. Advantages of this technology include VOC emission reductions (up to 80% of the solvent can be removed), increased... 

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