Vitexin-7-glucoside

Trigonella foenum-graecum L. Wu Ru Ba (Fenugreek) (seed) Trigonelline, saponins, flavone derivatives including vitex, saponaretin, isoorientin, vitexin-7-glucoside.33 Reduce plasma cholesterol levels, support hepatic and renal functions. 

Fig. 2.50. Profiles of calendula (a), milk-thistle (b) and passion flower (c) tinctures (each 60 per cent v/v, ethanol) with the HPLC-MS attributions of the components detected, lc = quercetin-3-O-ruti-nosylrhamnoside 2c = rutin 3c = isorhamnetin-3-O-ruti-nosylrhamnoside 4c = isoquercitrin 5c = isorhamnetin-3-O-gluco-sylglucoside 6c = narcissin 7c = isorhamnetin-3-O-glucoside lm = taxifolin 2m = siliydianin 3m = silychristin 4m = oxy derivative of silybin/isosilybin isomers 5m and 6m = 2,3-dehydro derivatives of silybin/isosilybin isomers 7m = silybin 8m = isosilybin lp = 6,8-diC-glucosylapigenin 2p = isoschaftoside 3p = shaftoside 4p = homoorientin 5p = isovetexin-2"-0-glucoside 6p = vitexin. Reprinted with permission from A. R. Biha et al. [150].

The flavonoids, luteolin, luteolin 7-0-/3-d-xyloside and cynaroside, were isolated by El-Moghazi et al. (1979) and orientin and vitexin by Akunzemann and Herrmann (1977). Quercetin-3-glucuronide, rutin, isoorientin, isovitexin and apigenin-7-glucoside have been reported from aniseed (Ozguven, 2000). Figure 18.2 depicts the structure of flavonoids in aniseed. 

Investigators attempted to elucidate the mechanism of action of the flavonoids hyperoside, luteolin-7-glucoside, rutin, vitexin, vitexin-rhamnoside, and monoacetyl-vitexin-rhamnoside in spontaneous beating Langenhoff preparations of guinea pig hearts (Schussler et al., 1995). Dose-dependent effects on contractility, heart rate, and coronary blood flow similar to that of theophylline... 

Vitexin is quite widely spread in Nature vitexin whamnoside occurs in 11 out of 25 Crataegm species examined, and vitexin has been isolated from many other plants. Vitexin occurs in Humulus japonicus, together with the isomeric apigenin 7-n-glucoside cosmosiin, an observation of biogenetic interest. 

S. blepharophylla Brandegee ex. Epling [18] has yielded eight flavone and flavone glycosides such as pedalitin (34), diosmetin (10), quercetin 3-0-glucoside (24), vitexin (35), schaftosid (36), and miquelianin (37) (quercetin 3-0-/ -D-glucuronopyranoside). 

Figure 9a. Quercetin (26), quercetin-3-O-rutinoside (rutin. 27), orientin-X -0-glucoside (28), isosohaftoside (29), schaftoside (30) and vitexin-2 -0-P-D-glucoside (31).

Figure 9b. Vitexin-2 -0-a-L-rhamnoside (32), isorhamnetin-3-O-rutinoside (narcissi. 33), kaempferol-3-O-mtinoside (nicotiflorin. 34) quercetin-3-O-P-D-glucoside (isoquercitrin. 35) and vitexin (alpigenin 8-C-glucoside. 36).

Wu C, Zhang J, Zhou T, Guo B, Wang Y, Hou J (2011) Simultaneous determination of seven flavonoids in dog plasma by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and its application to a bioequivalence study of bioactive components in Herba epimedii and Er-Xian Decoction. J Pharm Biomed Anal 54 186-191 Ma G, Jiang X-H, Chen Z, Ren J, Li C-R, Liu T-M (2007) Simultaneous determination of vitexin-4"-0-glucoside and vitexin-2 -0-rhamnoside from hawthorn leaves flavonoids in rat plasma by HPLC method and its application to pharmacokinetic studies. J Pharm Biomed Anal 44 243-249... 

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