Vitamins teratology

Yonemoto, J., H. Satoh, S. Himeno, and T. Suzuki. 1983. Toxic effects of sodium selenite on pregnant mice and modification of the effects by Vitamin E or reduced glutathione. Teratology 28 333-340. 

Vitamin Vitamin A [retinol] RDA/AI Men 900 pg/d Women 700 pg/d Physiological function Required for normal vision, gene expression, reproduction, embryonic development, and immune function Adverse Effects of Excessive Consumption Teratological effects liver toxicity... 

The biochemical aspects of teratology are not particularly well understood. Several kinds of biochemical mechanisms are probably involved. One such mechanism is interference with DNA synthesis, which alters the function of nucleic acids in cell replications, resulting in effects that are expressed as birth defects. Exposure to teratogenic xenobiotic substances may result in either an absence or excess of chromosomes. Enzyme inhibition (see Section 7.6) by xenobiotics can result in birth defects. Xenobiotics that deprive the fetus of essential substrates (for example, vitamins), that interfere with energy supply, or that alter the permeability of the placental membrane may all cause birth defects. 

Teratology Society position paper recommendations for vitamin A use during pregnancy. Teratology 1987 35(2) 269-75. 

Rosa FW, Wilk AL, Kelsey FO. Teratogen update vitamin A congeners. Teratology 1986 33(3) 355-64. 

Dudas 1, Czeizel AE. Use of 6,000 lU vitamin A during early pregnancy without teratogenic effect. Teratology 1992 45(4) 335-6. 

Mastroiacovo P, Mazzone T, Addis A, Elephant E, earlier P, Vial T, Garbis H, Robert E, Bonati M, Ornoy A, Finardi A, Schaffer C, CarameUi L, Rodriguez-Pinilla E, Clement M. High vitamin A intake in early pregnancy and major malformations a multicenter prospective controlled study. Teratology 1999 59(1) 7-11. 

Vorhees, C.V. 1985. Behavioral effects of prenatal methylmercury in rats A parallel trial to the Collaborative Behavioral Teratology Study. Neurobehav. Toxicol. Teratol. 7(6) 717-725. Welsh, S.O. 1977. Contrasting effects of vitamins A and E on mercury poisoning. [Abstract]. Fed. Proc. 36(1146) 4627. 

Kraft, J. C., Bechter, R., Lee, Q. R, and Juchau, M. R. (1992) Microinjections of cultured rat conceptuses Studies with 4-oxo-all-trans-retinoic acid, 4-oxo-13-ds-retinoic acid and all-tra i-retinoyl-P-glucuronide. Teratology 45,259-270. Maden, M. (1983) The effect of vitamin A on the regenerating axolotl limb. 

Solomon LM, Fahrner L, West DP (1977) Gamma benzene hexachloride toxicity a review. Arch Dermatol 113 353-357 Spencer PS, Bischoff MC (1987) Skin as an entry for neurotoxic substances. In Marzulli FN, Maibach HI (eds) Dermatotox-icology. Hemisphere, New York, pp 625-640 Stanley BE, Frank JE (1971) Mercury poisoning from application to omphalocele. JAMA 216 2144-2145 Steele CE, Trasler DG, New DA (1983) An in vivo/in vitro evaluation of the teratogenic action of excess vitamin A. Teratology 28 209-214... 

The developing eye is not only highly vulnerable to vitamin A deficiency, but also an excess of exogenous RA is known to cause severe eye malformations [1, 2, 13, 25]. We analyzed the mechanism of retinoid-related ocular teratology and its normal correlate in early zebrafish and mouse embryos, and we conclude that for the proper formation of the ventro-dorsal retina dimension, the eye anlage has to contain both a RA-rich and a RA-poor region. 

Brent RL, Hendrickx AG, Holmes LB, Miller RK (1996) To the editor. New EnglJ Med 334 1196 Shaw GM, Velie EM, Schaffer D, Lammer EJ (1997) Periconceptional intake of vitamin A among women and risk of neural tube defect-affected pregnancies. Teratology 55 132-133... 

Werler MM, Laimner EJ, Rosenberg L, Mitchell AA (1990) Maternal vitamin A supplementation in relation to selected birth defects. Teratology 42 497-503... 

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