Visual membrane

Beaumont, V. (2003). Visualizing membrane trafficking using total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy. Biochem. Soc. Trans. 31, 819-23. 

Atomic Force Microscopy to Visualize Membrane Proteins... 

Microscopic methods. While microscopic methods provide direct visual information on membrane morphology as discussed earlier, determination of pore size, especially meaningful pore size distribution, by this type of methods is tedious and difficult. Advances have been made on the electron microscopy techniques to visualize membrane surface pores. For example, Merin and Cheryan [1980] have developed a replica-TEM technique to observe membrane surface pores. Nevertheless, microscopic methods have remained primarily as a surface morphology characterization tool and not as a pore size determination scheme. 

Wheeler TG, Benolken RM. Visual membranes specificity of fatty acid precursors of the electrical response to illumination. Science 1975 188(4195) 1312—1314. 

Fig. 20.1 Infection with P. aeruginosa results in surface exposure of the add sphingomyelinase and the formation of distinct membrane domains. Epithehal cells were infected with P. aeruginosa, the cells were fixed and stained with Cy5-coupled anti-acid sphingomyehnase antibodies and FITC-choleratoxin to visualize membrane domains. The results reveal the formation of a large membrane platform that co-localizes with surface acid sphingomyelinase...

Although the visual membrane (that contains rhodopsin) does not function as a photosynthetic membrane, the fast photoelectric signal is similar and indeed analogous to the signal from a reconstituted bacteriorhodopsin membrane. In fact, the names B1 and B2 were chosen primarily on the basis of their similarity in temperature dependence to the R1 and the R2 components of the ERP, respectively Both B1 and R1 are temperature insensitive, but both B2 and R2 are inhibited by low temperature. The ERP data published by Ostrovsky s and Skulachev s groups (60, 61) suggest that the equivalent circuit model may be applicable to the analysis of the ERP. These authors considered possible physiological roles of the ERP. However, the majority of... 

Schuchmann HP (2008) Membrane emulsification processes and characterisation methods. In Gilell C, Ferrando M, Lopez F (eds) Monitoring and visualizing membrane-based processes. Wiley-VHC, Weinheim (in press) (ISBN 3-527-32006-7)... 

Monitorir]g and Visualizing Membrane-Based Processes Edited by Carme Giiell, Montserrat Ferrando, and Francisco Lopez Copyright 2009 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH Co. KGaA, Weinheim ISBN 978-3-527-32006-6... 

Because is infinite for a visual membrane, and is much larger than Rj, for a bacteriorhodopsin membrane, the value of Xp becomes approximately l/RpCpi the intrinsic photoelectric relaxation time constant. 

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