Viscosity of slag

Shear viscosity is a measure of the ahihty of one layer of molecules to move over an adjacent layer. Bulk viscosity will be mentioned in Section V.2. Since viscosity usually refers to shear viscosity, the term will he used in this way unless otherwise stated. Recommended techniques for measuring the viscosity of high-temperature melt are given below. Experimental data are available from the database mentioned in Section 1.2. Data on viscosities of slags (7 single component systems, 35 two-component... 

It is necessary to measure the viscosity under the condition of a small Reynolds number, and experiments with high precision can be expected for viscosities over 0.1 Pa s. This method has also been used to measure the viscosity of slag melts,when the time taken to pull a ball out of the melt with constant force was measured. 

Where R = the inner diameter zero, p = density of slag, T) = viscosity of slag and g = gravitational constant, at equilibrium this reduces to ... 

It is significant to point out that the present method is based on the relationship between interionic associations and their consequential effects on slag viscosities, which was shown by Seetharaman et al [7], In principle, any property that reflects the interionic interactions and the structural evolution, cluster behavior at different temperature intervals should show the same characteristic. If agglomeration or atomic rearrangement is manifested in the viscosities of slags, other physical properties like electrical conductivity should reflect this phenomenon as well. 

Figure 6.30 shows that the measured values of Rb are not dependent on the kinematic viscosity of slag except = lOcSt (cm /s). Specifically, the birth rate is proportional to and independent of the kinematic viscosity of slag, Vg, for Vs > lOcSt. 

Figure 6.32 compares measured values of r, represented by rmea, and the calculated values based on (6.40) and (6.42), denoted by real. The measurement and calculation are in good agreement within a scatter of 15% except for Vg = lOcSt. The mean lifetime becomes larger as the kinematic viscosity of slag increases. This is because the falling velocity of molten metal droplets in the upper slag layer becomes low with an increase in v.-... 

Figure 6.34 shows the variation of measured values of death rate, Ryj (cm /s) with the gas flow rate 2g- The kinematic viscosity of slag, Vg was chosen as a... 

As in die case of die diffusion properties, die viscous properties of die molten salts and slags, which play an important role in die movement of bulk phases, are also very stiiicture-seiisitive, and will be refeiTed to in specific examples. For example, die viscosity of liquid silicates are in die range 1-100 poise. The viscosities of molten metals are very similar from one metal to anodier, but die numerical value is usually in die range 1-10 centipoise. This range should be compared widi die familiar case of water at room temperature, which has a viscosity of one centipoise. An empirical relationship which has been proposed for die temperature dependence of die viscosity of liquids as an AiTlienius expression is... 

Several simple viscometers have been developed for in plant determinations of slag viscosities they include a Herty viscometer and a Krabiell immersion viscometer. ... 

Fluorine compounds are also used to reduce the viscosity of molten metals and slag byproducts so that they will flow more easily. In addition, fluorine is a component of therapeutic chemotherapy drugs used to treat a number of different types of cancer. 

Figure 21 Viscosity of (A) acidic and (B) basic blast furnace slags after Goudurier, Hopkins and Wilkomirsky, ref. 424)...

Brower, W. S., Waring, J. L., and Blackburn, D. H. "Slag Characterization Viscosity of Synthetic Coal Slag in Steam," 1980, NBSIR 80-212A. 

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