Viscosity of electrolyte solutions

C. Concentration Dependence of Ionic Mobility and Viscosity of Electrolyte Solutions... 

Concentration dependence of the viscosity of electrolyte solution has been empirically expressed by the Jones-Dole equation (eq.(l)),where r/ and rjo are the viscosities of solution 77/rjo = 1+aVc+Be (1)... 

Viscosities of Electrolyte Solutions A very large amount of work has been done on the viscosity of electrolyte solutions, much of it being related to the. electrical conductivity.1 Herz2 found that plotted against the specific volumes of aqueous salt solutions gave... 

Confirmation of this classihcation comes from studies on the partial molar volumes of ions, and from the compressibility and viscosity of electrolyte solutions and from the activation parameters for water exchange found from NMR and ultrasonic methods. 

While the viscosity of electrolytic solutions is not a thermodynamic property, such data frequently are reported with partial molal volumes, and viscosities are often valuable in elucidating the structure of solutions. Therefore, a few viscosity data which have a direct bearing on the discussion of the nature of these solutions are included. 

Duca KA, Jordan PC (1997) Ion-water and water-water interactions in a gramicidinlike channel effects due to group polarizability and backbone flexibility. Biophys Chem 65 123-141 Falkenhagen H, Dole M (1929) Viscosity of electrolyte solutions and its significance to the Debye theory. Phys Z 30 611-622... 

Fatmi MQ, Hofer TS, Randolf BR, Rode BM (2005) An extended ab initio QM/MM MD approach to structure and dynamics of Zn(II) in aqueous solution. J Chem Phys 123 054514-1-8 Feakins D, Freemantle DJ, Lawrence KG (1974) Transition state treatment of the relative viscosity of electrolytic solutions, applications to aqueous, nonaqueous, and methanol + water systems. J Chem Soc Faraday Trans 70 795—806... 

Ibuki K, Nakahara M (1986) Dielectric friction theory of the viscosity of electrolyte solutions. J Chem Phys 85 7312-7317... 

Jiang J, Sandler S (2003) A New Model for the Viscosity of Electrolyte Solutions. Ind Eng Chem... 

The thermal conductivity and the viscosity of electrolyte solutions are also of research interest because of the long-range electrostatic interactions and the Coulombic forces between ions. 

The viscosity of electrolyte solutions is also of research interest because of the long-range electrostatic interactions (Coulombic forces) between ions (Harrap and Heymaim, 1951 Stokes and Mills, 1965 Home, 1972 Horvath, 1985 Chandra and Bagchi, 2000a,b Esteves etal, 2001 Anderko et al, 2002 Jiang and Sandler, 2003). 

The concentration dependence of the viscosity of electrolyte solutions is quite anomalous (Chandra and Bagchi, 2000a,b), and clearly depends upon the nature of the solute ions. For some electrolyte solutions (see Figures 6.10a,b), such as H2O + CsF, H2O + KF, H2O + LiCl, H2O + LiBr, H2O + Lil, H2O + NaCl, H2O + NaF and H2O + RbF and the viscosity increases monotonically with the electrolyte concentration, while for other types of electrolyte solutions such as H2O + CsCl, H2O -H KBr, H2O -H KCl, H2O + KI and H2O + RbCl the viscosity decreases at low electrolyte concentrations, reaching a minimum value, and then increases at higher concentrations. Hence, the modeling of the electrolyte-solutions viscosity over the whole concentration range is rather difficult. 

Finally, Sahu and Behera (1980) also represented experimental relative viscosity of electrolyte solutions by extending the limiting Einstein equation as... 

After the electroviscous effect was discovered in pure liquids, many solutions containing simple electrolytes were comprehensively investigated. Note that there is no an external electric field applied to the electrolyte systems, as most of such systems are aqueous solutions, which arc unable to afford for a high electric field. Poiscuilic [95] was the first to observe that the viscosity of electrolytic solutions differs from that of the solvents. Further work was carried out by Jones [96], and Falkenhagen [97]. It was found that the electroviscous effect of an electrolyte solution is much stronger than the effect observed in the pure liquids. According to Jones [98], the viscosity of an electrolytic solution can be represented as ... 

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