Viral envelope glycoproteins

In some viruses, the capsid is surrounded by a lipid membrane (envelope), which is derived from the host cell membrane at the site of vims budding. The membrane contains viral envelope glycoproteins as well as host cell membrane proteins. 

HIV-1 binds to the cell membrane through interaction of the viral envelope glycoprotein (gp) 120 with CD4 molecules on the cell smface. HIV-1 then fuses wifh fhe cell membrane as a result of interaction of gp 120 with chemokine receptors (CCR5 or CXCR4) on the cell. CCR5... 

W Zhou, KB Tomer, MG Khaledi. Evaluation of the binding between potential anti-HIV DNA-based drugs and viral envelope glycoprotein gpl20 by capillary electrophoresis with laser-induced fluorescence detection. Anal Biochem 284 334-341, 2000. 

Enfuvirtide is a synthetic 36 -amino -acid peptide fusion inhibitor that blocks entry into the cell (Figure 49-4). Enfuvirtide, binds to the gp41 subunit of the viral envelope glycoprotein, preventing the conformational changes required for the fusion of the viral and cellular membranes. It has no activity against HIV-2. Enfuvirtide must be administered by subcutaneous injection. Metabolism appears to be by proteolytic hydrolysis without involvement of the CYP450 system. Elimination half-life is 3.8 hours. 

Ronaldson, P.T. and Bendayan, R. (2006) HIV-1 viral envelope glycoprotein gpl20 triggers an inflammatory response in cultured rat astrocytes and regulates the functional expression of P-glycoprotein. Molecular Pharmacology, 70 (3), 1087-1098. 

Influenza virus neuraminidase Influenza Viral envelope glycoprotein involved in viral release, cleavage of sialic add residues of new virus particles and host membranes Inhibition at active site... 

HIV-1 enters immune cells via viral envelope glycoproteins that are organized in oligomeric, probably trimeric, spikes on the virion surface. The spike... 

Si Z, Madani N, Cox JM et al (2004) Small-molecule inhibitors of HIV-1 entry block receptor-induced conformational changes in the viral envelope glycoproteins. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 101 5036-5041... 

Wang J, Le N, Heredia A et al (2005) Modification and structure-activity relationship of a small molecule HIV-1 inhibitor targeting the viral envelope glycoprotein gpl20. Org Biomol Chem 3 1781-1786... 

Sulphated PS, potent antiviral agents, were also evaluated in vitro as inhibitors of influenza virus replication [119], The fact that the sulphated PS are inhibitory to some myxoviruses and retroviruses but not to others seems to depend on the composition of the amino acid sequences of the viral envelope glycoproteins that are involved in virus-cell binding and fusion [120],... 

Two glycoproteins have been isolated from measles virus the larger glycoprotein is composed of subunits (mol. wt. 7.6 x 10 ) that are bound by disulphide bonds, and the smaller glycoprotein contains a portion rich in 2-amino-2-deoxy-D-glucosyl residues linked to an otherwise unglycosylated protein by disulphide bonds. Measles viral envelope glycoproteins have been isolated and purified by an immunoprecipitation technique. ... 

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