Viologen derivative containing

Viologen Derivative Containing Pofysiloxane as an Electron-Transfer Mediator in Amperometric Glucose Sensors... 

Figure 6 Typical electrochemical Eadie-Hofstee plot for the viologen-derivative containing polysiloxane/ glucose oxidase/caibon paste electrodes at E= -lOOmV (vs. Ag/AgCl).

Amperometric glucose electrodes based on glucose oxidase, chemical or electrochemical steps, 124-125 Amperometric glucose sensors glucose oxidase and nonphysiological redox mediators, electron-transfer mechanism, 169-170 poly(etheramine-quinone)s as electron transfer relay systems, 124-135 viologen derivative containing polysiloxane as electron-transfer mediator, 169-178... 

Electrolyte Gating in (Single) Molecule Junctions Containing Redox-Active Viologen Derivatives... 

Another rather special strategy to obtain electrochromic polymers with unexpected performance is covalently connecting electrochromic units to the conjugated polymer backbone. Lee and coworkers have reported a new polymer 119 (Fig. 2.7B) thatis aPEDOT derivative containing a pendant viologen (Ko et al, 2004). Electrochemical and spec-troelectrochemical studies showed that this polymer had four colored oxidation states. 

To avoid these phenomena, it is possible to prepare a hybrid gel with a conducting polymer (e.g., a polypyrrole). This gel can be operated with a low voltage of 0.4-1.4 V [45]. With a solution that contains an oxidation-reduction agent like hydroquinone or viologen derivatives the voltage can be reduced to 1.2 V [46]. 

Avram E, Lacatus C, Mocanu G (2001) Polymers with pendent functional groups VII. Polysaccharide derivatives containing viologen groups. Eur Polym J 37 1901-1906... 

For the asymmetric reduction of ketone and aldehyde derivates, two electrochemical reduction systems using ADH as catalyst were examined (Fig. 22) [108]. In system A, the reduced coenzymes are regenerated using either FNR for NADPH or DP for NADH. Methyl viologen serves as electron mediator between the electrode and FNR/DP. System B contains ADH as sole enzyme, which catalyzes both reduction of substrates and regeneration of cofactors. Phenylethanol is oxidized by ADH accompanied by reduction of NADP+ to NADPH and its oxidation product acetophenone is reduced electrochemically at a glassy carbon cathode. 

We reasoned that the interplay between viologen cation radical dimerization and viologen- donor interaction could be utilized to develop more sophisticated mechanisms of dendrimer assembly under redox control. Driven by this hypothesis, we prepared a new series of dendrimers, similar to 16-18, but containing a dialkoxyben-zene aromatic donor residue instead of the electron acceptor viologen moiety [60]. The new series of dendronized dialkoxybenzene derivatives (26-28) is shown below. 

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