Violet lasers

Telford W, Kapoor V, Jackson J et al (2006) Violet laser diodes in flow cytometry an update. Cytometry A 69 1153-1160... 

Shapiro HM, Perlmutter NG. 2001. Violet laser diodes as light sources for cytometry. Cytometry 44 133-136. 

Telford WG, Hawley TS, Hawley RG. 2003. Analysis of violet-excited fluorochromes by flow cytometry using a violet laser diode. Cytometry 54A 48-55. 

I. M., and Lee M. R. (1999) Direct measurement of Ar diffusion profiles in a gem-quality Madagascar K-feldspar using the ultra-violet laser ablation microprobe (UVLAMP). Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 170, 141-153. 

The ultra violet laser-pulse having such a short pulsewidth Tw as Ins and such a short wavelength as 337.1nm irradiates the silicon surface to excite excess carriers as shown in the bottom left figure of Fig. l.The generated carriers are confined within the subsurface since extremely short penetration depth of 200A. An amplitude (or intensity) of the photoconductivity... 

A sample of the insecticide malathion (VX simulant) was obtained by diluting 4 mL of Dexol in 1 L of distilled water. The spectra of its fluorescence, excited by 266 mn and 355 nm ultra-violet lasers, are shown in Figs. 8-9. As can be seen, there appears to be a distinct fluorescence emission near 360 mn. Further work is being conducted to better quantify our results. 

Resonance Raman spectra of all-trans, planar, jS-carotene molecules are generally obtained in resonance conditions with their main electronic transition (corresponding to B [left arrow] Ag transition of the polyene chain) or in preresonance conditions with this transition. They contain about 40 bands between 90 and 1610 cm , among which three groups are very intense, at ca. 1530 (v,), 1120-1200 (V2), and 1000(V3) cm" (Fig. 1). When exciting with ultra-violet lasers in the 260 nm region, in resonance with the 2 B <— Ag transition, spectra are then dominated by an intense band at about 1590 cm" (Saito et al., 1983). The enhancement of all these bands correspond to A-type resonance, i.e. involving only one excited electronic level. 

Amaud NO, Kelley SP (1995) Evidence for widespread excess argon during high-pressure metamorphism in the Dora Maim (Western Alps, Italy), using an ultra-violet laser ablation microprobe " °Ar/ Ar technique. Contrib Mineral Petrol 121 1-11... 

An important place among these devices belongs to lasers. The violet lasers have lifetimes up to 15000 homs with a power of 30 mW [3]. The wavelengths of the LDs are shifted now from the violet up to blue spectral region [6]. 

I Experiments have been analyzed using a LSR Fortessa cytometer (BD Biosciences) equipped with four lasers (405-nm violet laser, 488-nm blue laser, 561-nm yeUow laser, 640-nm red laser) and configured for fluoro-chromes detection as indicated in Table 3. A series of control and calibration procedures has to be performed before sample acquisition. 

Blu-ray An optical disk format. Developed by a consortium of over 180 companies led by Sony, Blu-ray disks are intended to supersede the DVD both for the distribution of video and for data storage - they can hold up to 25 Gb on each ot up to two layers. Blu-ray achieves this greater capacity by using a blue (actually, a violet) laser rather than the red laser used for DVDs the shorter wavelength allows the beam to be focused more precisely and so more data to be packed into a given space. Currently (2009) some high-deflnition DVDs have been released in Blu-ray format, and computer Blu-ray drives are becoming available. 

Using STED to break diffraction barrier, LIFPA can measure flow velocity with nanoscopic resolution. To the best of our knowledge, Kuang and Wang [45] for the first time, probably still the only one [53], developed a continuous wave (cw) laser-based STED and LIFPA system and measured the average flow velocity profile in a pressure-driven flow in a submicrocapillary with inner diameter (ID) of 360 nm. A violet laser 405 nm and a green laser 530 nm were used as the excitation and STED beam, respectively. The spatial resolution was measured to be about... 

Si PIN photodiodes feature low capacitance, which enables them to deliver a wide bandwidth with only a low bias voltage, making them ideal for high-speed photometry as well as optical communications. Some PIN diodes have a mini-lens, which increases fiber coupling efficiency and enhanced sensitivity for violet laser detection. 

U. Gustafsson, J. Alnis, S. Svanberg Atomic spectroscopy with violet laser diodes. Am. J. Phys. 68, 660 (2000)... 

Fig. 2 List of some of the most widely employed fluorochromes in FM with indication of their peaks of excitation and emission. On the right are indicated the main lines of emission of a mercury lamp (ML) and four common laser sources. According to the wavelength of emitted light, lasers can be indicated as UV lasers (350 nm), violet lasers (407 nm), Wue lasers (488 nm), and ref/lasers (635 nm). 7-A4D7-aminoactinomycin 0, APC allophycocyanin, CFP cyan fluorescent protein, Em emission (nm). Ex excitation (nm), EYFP enhanced yellow fluorescent protein, FAf fluorescence microscopy, F/ Pfluorescent reporter protein, 6FF green fluorescent protein, IMF immunofluorescence, mito mitochondrion/mitochondrial, ML mercury lamp, RFP red fluorescent protein, variant of YFP, KFFyellowfluorescentprotein...

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