Viola studies

Gambari R, Lampronti I, Bianchi N, Zuccato C, Viola G, Vedaldi D, Dall Acqua F (2007) Structure and Biological Activity of Furocoumarins. 9 265-276 Garg R, Bhhatarai B (2006) QSAR and Molecular Modeling Studies of HIV Protease Inhibitors. 3 181-272... 

Verma RP (2007) Cytotoxicity of Heterocyclic Compounds against Various Cancer Cells A Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship Study. 9 53-86 Verma RP, see Hansch C (2007) 10 43-74 Viola G, see Gambari R (2007) 9 265-276 Voelter W, see Khan KM (2007) 7 325-346... 

From pH kinetic studies, Viola and Cleland have proposed that hexokinase requires a group on the enzyme that must be unprotonated for the forward... 

Farzad M, Griesbach R, Weiss MR. 2002. Floral color change in Viola cornuta L. (Violaceae) A model system to study regulation of anthocyanin production. Plant Sci 162 225-231. 

A, a recently discovered cyclotide derivative from the plant Viola odorata, has a point mutation at the C-terminal residue of the mature peptide (Lys instead of Asn) and is a linear peptide as a result. NMR studies show that its lack of a circular backbone leads to flexibility at the N-terminus, although it features a cystine-knot motif and is otherwise structurally similar to cyclotides.121... 

Two further studies, one by Villafranca and Viola,309 who carried out 13C spin-lattice relaxation measurements on the interaction of methyl a-D-glucopyranoside with con A, and the other by Alter and Mag-nuson,310 who characterized the binding of 2-deoxy-2-(trifluoroacetamido)-D-glucose to the lectin, placed the saccharide at 1.0 to 1.4 nm from the Mn2+ion, in agreement with the results of Brewer and coworkers.307,308 Villafranca and Viola s model309 placed C-l, C-2, and C-6 closest to the Mn2+ (see Fig. 3). On the other hand, support for the cavity proposed by Becker and coworkers280 comes from p.m.r.-spectral measurements of the longitudinal relaxation-times of the methyl proton of methyl a-D-mannopyranoside with Zn2+- and Gd2+-substituted con A.311,312... 

Rigidity of the mesogens play the central role for most of the properties of these types of polymers (22). Jackson and Kuhfuss (1 ) have shown already in 1976 how easily acquire PLCs orientation during processing. Influence of the type of flow on orientation and texture of PLC copolyesters such as ours was studied by Ide and Ophir (42) and by Viola e.a. f46. ... 

Cassano GB, Armaducci L, Viola PL. 1966. Distribution of mercury in the brain of chronically intoxicated mice (autoradiographic study). Riv Patol Nerv Ment 87 214-225. 

The Amazon Indians Waiapi living in the West of Amapa State of Brazil, treat malaria with an inhalation of vapor obtained from leaves of Viola surinamensis. The antimalarial activity of the aromatic volatile plant extracts from leaves, showed that nerolidol (an acyclic oxygenated sesquiterpene) was identified as one of the active principles (36). Another recent study suggested the presence of an active isoprenoid pathway for biosynthesis of isoprenic chains of coenzyme Q in P. falciparum (37), parasites treated with nerolidol showed decreased ability to synthesize coenzyme Q in all intraerythrocytic stages. A challenge would be to now identify which African medicinal plants contain similar chemistry. 

Renal effects were investigated in two animal studies. Histopathological examination of the kidneys found no lesions following repeated dermal exposure to 280 mg/kg/day (covered) in rats or 500 mg/kg/day (uncovered) in rabbits (Torkelson et al. 1958 Viola et al. 1981). 

Elisei, F., Latterini, L., Aloisi, G.G., Mazzuccato, U., Viola, G., Miolo, G., Vedaldi, D., and Dall Acqua, F., 2002, Excited state properties and in vitro phototoxicity studies of three phenothiazine derivatives, Photochem. Photobiol., 75, 11-21. 

Rebuelta, M., J.M. Vivas, L. San Roman, and G. Serranillo-Fdez. 1983. Study of the diuretic effect of various preparations of the leaves of Viola odorata. Plant. Med. Phytother. 17 215-221. 

Viola, G. G., and Baird, D. G., Studies on the transient shear flow behavior of liquid crystalline polymers, J. Rheol., 30, 601-628 (1986). 

Zelter A, Fernandez JL, Bilder C, Rodriguez P, Wonaga A, Dorado F, Galich M, Viola LA. Fundic gland polyps and association with proton pump inhibitor intake a prospective study in 1,780 endoscopies. Dig Dis Sci 2011 56 1743-8. 

Although not described here in detail, some other related studies include Takewaki et al (2010), Viola and Guidi (2009), Cimellaro and Retamales (2007), Wongprasert and Symans (2004), Xu et al (2003, 2004), Tan et al (2005) and Xi Lin (1999) and interested readers should refer to these. 

Cao, I, Yin, C., Qin, Y., Cheng, Z., Chen, D. Approach to the study of flavone di-C-glycosides by high performance liquid chromatography-tandem ion trap mass spectrometry and its application to characterization of flavonoid composition in Viola yedoensis. J. Mass Spectrom. 49(10), 1010-1024 (2014)... 

Movilli E. Viola BF. Brunori G, et al Longterm effects of arteriovenous fistula closure on echocardiographic functional and structural findings in hemodialysis patients a prospective study. Am J Kidney Dis 2010 55 682-689. 

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