Vinylpyridines amides

Coelectrolysis of azo cpompounds and AN or ethyl acrylate yields 155 and 156, respectively. With 9-benzylidenefluorene and acrylonitrile a biscyanoethyl compound 157 was the major product 431 Further mixed coupling products have been obtained with 2-vinylpyridine and dibutyl maleate 429 or methyl-vinylsulfone and N,N-diethylcinnamic acid amide 430 ... 

A broad range of functional monomers and cross-linkers has been used for the preparation of MIPs. The choice of the functional monomers depends on the nature and functionalities of the print molecule. The most widely used monomer is methacrylic acid, which has been shown to interact through ionic interactions and hydrogen bonds with amines, amides, carbamates and carboxylic acids [13-15]. The monomers and the print molecules self-assemble upon mixing and the strength of the complex is of importance for the selectivity of the polymer. For this reason, a considerable amount of research effort has focused on finding optimal monomers for various classes of print molecules and functionalities. For example, for some print molecules, polymers prepared with vinylpyridines [16,17], 2-(trifluoromethy-l)acrylic acid [18] or acrylamide [19] resulted in higher selectivities and affinities than polymers made from methacrylic acid. Mixtures of functional monomers... 

Alkoxides, Amides, and other Bases. The use of alkoxides as initiators has recently received some attention because of their ease of handling relative to metal alkyls. In principle such species might be expected to be active only with monomers capable of yielding a more stable anion. Potassium methoxide in dimethylsulphoxide/methanol solution will oligomerize 4-vinylpyridine and here initiation seems to proceed via an acid/base equilibrium rather than by addition to the vinyl double bond (Scheme 15). With methyl methacrylate lithium t-butoxide is an initiator although an inefficient one. Furthermore, unused... 

Pyridylbenzimidazoles with a two-carbon alkyl chain separating the benzimidazole and pyridine components (229 and 230, = 2) should not be influenced by the presence of the two rings, since they are separated by a sufficient distance. Still, treatment of either compound with sodium amide under mild conditions (xylene or DMA, 110-115°C, 2 hr) gave recovered starting material, while under harsher treatment (150-170°C, 10 hr) decomposition to benzimidazole and resinous products (probably vinylpyridine polymer) was observed (72CHE1131). 

It is claimed that styrene/butadiene diblock polymers bring about an improvement in the hardness, strength, and processability of polybutadiene elastomers (27), as well as an improvement in the ozone resistance of neoprene rubber (28). Styrene diblock polymers have also been made with isoprene, a-methyIstyrene, methyl methacrylate, vinylpyridine, and a-olefins. Block copolymers of ethylene, propylene, and other a-olefins with each other have been made as well. Heteroatom block copolymers based on styrene or other hydrocarbons and alkylene oxides, phenylene oxides, lactones, amides, imides, sulfides, or slloxanes have been prepared. 

Cellulose phosphonate has been treated with AW-dimethylacrylamide or 4-vinylpyridine in the presence of sodium ethoxide to yield cellulose 2- NN-dimethyl)carbamoyl-ethylphosphonate or cellulose 2-pyridinylethylphosphonate, respectively. Cellulose phosphonate fabrics modified with AW-dimethyl-acrylamide had powerful flame-retardant properties, suggesting that the combination of phosphoryl and amide groups was an effective flame retardant. 

Alpha-picoline (2-picoline 2-methylpryridine) is used for the production of 2-vinylpyridine, which, when copolymerized with butadiene and styrene, produces a product that can be used as a latex adhesive which is used in the manufacture of car tires. Other uses are in the preparation of 2-beta-methoxyethyl-pyridine (known as promintic, an anthelmintic for cattle) and in the synthesis of a 2-picoline quaternary compound (amprolium), which is used against coccidiosis in young poultry. Beta-picoline (3-picoline 3-methylpryridine) can be oxidized to nicotinic acid, which, with the amide form (nicotinamide), belongs to the vitamin B complex both products are widely used to fortify human and animal diets. Gama-picoline (4-picoline 4-methylpyridine) is an intermediate in the manufecture of isonicotinic acid hydra-zide (isoniazide), which is a tuberculostatic drug. 2,6-Lutidine (2,6-dimethylpyridine) can be converted to dipicolinic add, which is used as a stabilizer for hydrogen peroxide and peracetic acid. 

Vinylpyridine Ar amide II made from hexamethylenediamine and a mixture of isomers of phthalic acid Skrovanek and Coleman (1987)... 

Alternating copolymers are the result of the copolymerization of 2-vinylpyridine with butylvinyl ether in the presence of acetic acid [(a) acetic acid =1 1.3] [610]. Other examples for alternating copolymers are (la)/vinyl acetate copolymerized in the presence of acetic acid [611] and (c)/acrylonitrile as well as (c)/acrylic amide, using K2S2O8 as complexing initiator [612]. 

Acrolein eould be grafted onto imidazole-eontaining polymers [poly4(5)-vinylimidazole) or copolymers of 4(5)-vinylimidazole with aeryl amide, styrene, l-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone, 4-vinylpyridine, aerylates, and methyl vinyl ketone] in ethanol or an ethanol-water mixture at 0°C under nitrogen [115-117]. 

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