Vinyl triflates reduction

The key step in a short and efficient synthesis of pleraplysillin-1 (127) is the palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling of vinylstannane 125 with vinyl triflate 126 (see Scheme 33). This synthesis is noteworthy in two respects. First, vinyl triflate 126 is generated regio-specifically from the kinetic enolate arising from a conjugate reduction of enone 124 the conjugate reduction of an enone is, in fact, a... 

Ene-nitrile oxidoisoquinolinium betaine 131 was readily prepared from vinyl triflate aldehyde 79 (Scheme 1.14). Palladium-catalyzed cyanation of vinyl triflate 79 with Zn(CN)2 in DMF at 60 °C produced ene-nitrile aldehyde 129 in 85 % yield [54]. Using the previously developed Staudinger-aza-Wittig reduction sequence, aldehyde 129 was coupled with cyclic ketal azide 121 to afford a 79 % yield of amine 130. The cyclic ketal amine 130 was then treated with 9 1 mixture of CH2CI2/TFA to provide ene-nitrile oxidoisoquinolinium betaine 131 in 93 % yield. 

Vinyl and Aryl Halides and Triflates. The organosilane reduction of aryl halides is possible in high yields with triethylsilane and palladium chloride.195 The reaction is equally successful with aryl chlorides, bromides, and iodides. Aryl bromides and iodides, but not chlorides, are reduced with PMHS/Pd(PPh3)4 in moderate to excellent yields.199 This system also reduces vinyl bromides.199 p-Chlorobenzophenone is reduced to benzophenone with yym-tetramethyldisilo-xane and Ni/C in excellent yield (Eq. 59).200 There is a report of the organosilane reduction of aryl and vinyl triflates in very high yields with the combination of Et3SiH/Pd(OAc)2/dppp (l,3-bis(diphenylphosphino)propane) (Eq. 60).201... 

Fig (22) 2-isopropylphenol (183) is converted to allylic alcohol (185). Its bromide derivative reacts with methyl acetoacetate. The resulting compound undergoes radical cyclization yields ketoester (186) whose vinyl triflate on reduction and carbonylation furnishes lactone (187). Diol (188) obtained from (187), is converted to monoepoxide (189) which on further epoxidation produces triptonide (148). Its conversion to triptolide (149) is accomplished by reduction. 

Treatment of a,p-unsaturated tosylhydrazones with NaBH4 in MeOH affords principally allylic ethers from cyclic derivatives and pyrazoles with most noncyclic examples. This divergent behavior compared to saturated tosylhydrazones has been attributedto a lessening of the electrophilicity of conjugated imine ir-bonds, which allows initial abstraction of the acidic N—H proton by BH4 to compete with reduction, and gives alternative reactions related to the Bamford-Stevens process as depicted in Scheme 4. An exception to this may be the deoxygenation of conjugated vinyl triflates (entry 11, Table 6). The cyclopropanation and elimination products produced in entry 4, Table 6 also probably arise from similar, alternative reaction paths. ... 

In contrast to the typical palladium(0)-catalyzed cross-coupling reaction of vinyl triflates with organosilanes, this is an example of the reduction of an enone to an alkene by transfer of a proton instead of an alkyl moiety/ ... 

Conjugate 1,4-reduction of the 1,6-dione (78) with L-Selectride in the presence of A-(2-pyridyl)triflimide provided the vinyl triflate (79), which was chemoselectively hydrogenated over Pd/C to give perhydropyrido[2,l-c][l,3]oxazinone (80) (93JOC5035). Hexahydro derivative 81 was similarly hydrogenated to a perhydro derivative (93JA8851). 

Very recently a further mechanistic investigation of the vinyl cross-coupling reactions, involving oxidative addition and reductive elimination of a vinyl triflate with Pt(0), was... 

Vinyl triflates can be coupled efficiently to various organotin compounds. Further details of this chemistry have now appeared including efficient preparations of trimethylsilyldienes (Scheme 33).71 Two other routes to silyldienes are outlined in Scheme 34. Reduction of allenic alcohols (21) gave moderate yields of the dienyl products, although the stereoselectivity of the process leaves much to be desired. The second method, involving hydroboration of the allene (22) is much more stereoselective and enables either isomer of the final product to be obtained depending on the elimination conditions used. A key application for such dienes is in Diels-Alder reactions, where the products have vinylsilane functionality for further modification. This type of chemistry has now been explored with 2,3-bis(trimethylsilyl)buta-1,... 

Reductive cleavage of the /tara-methoxyphenyl (PMP-) group released the primary alcohol and the compound was converted into the corresponding methyl glycoside upon reaction with methanol in the presence of PhsP.HBr [65]. Subsequently, the primary alcohol was replaced by iodine to yield 68 to pave the way for the introduction of the exomethylene functionality required for the key Perrier s carbocy-clization reaction. Carbocycle 70 was obtained after exposure of 5-enopyranoside 69 to Hg(OCOCp3)2 in acetone/acetate buffer and the subsequent p-elimination. The synthesis of the C-ring of the alkaloid was completed by 1,4-reduction and formation of the vinyl triflate 71 with the Comins reagent. 

The mechanism involves the oxidative addition of the vinyl or aromatic triflate or halide to give an organopalladium intermediate. TransmetaUation with the organostannane forms another organopalladium intermediate with two Pd—C a bonds. A reductive elimination step releases the product and thereby regenerates the palladium(0) catalyst. Vinyl triflates can be made from enolizable aldehydes or ketones and aryl triflates from phenols, but the reaction also works with vinyl and aryl halides. 

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