Viewpoints Imitation

As the United States moves toward acceptance of the International System of Units, or the so-ealled SI units, it is particularly important for the design engineer to be able to think in both the SI imits and the U.S. customary units. From an international viewpoint, the United States is the last major country to accept SI, but it will be many years before the U.S. conversion will be sufficiently complete for the design engineer, who must deal with the general public, to think and write solely in SI units. For this reason, a mixture of SI and U.S. customary units will be found in this text. 

The splitting of inorganic pyrophosphafe (PPj) into two inorganic phosphate ions is catalyzed by pyrophosphatases (p. 636) that apparently occur universally. Their function appears to be simply to remove the product PPj from reactions that produce it, shifting the equilibrium toward formation of a desired compound. An example is the formation of aminoacyl-tRNA molecules needed for protein synthesis. As shown in Eq. 17-36, the process requires the use of two ATP molecules to activate one amino acid. While the "spending" of two ATPs for the addition of one monomer imit to a polymer does not appear necessary from a thermodynamic viewpoint, it is frequently observed, and there is no doubt that hydrolysis of PP ensures thaf the reaction will go virtually to completion. Transfer RNAs fend to become saturated with amino acids according to Eq. 17-36 even if the concentration of free amino acid in the cytoplasm is low. On the other hand, kinetic considerations may be involved. Perhaps the biosynthetic sequence would move too slowly if if were nof for the extra boost given by the removal of PPj. Part of the explanation for the complexity may depend on control mechanisms which are only incompletely understood. 

Availability - inventory availability Availability is one of the most important performances from the customer viewpoint. Inventory availability indicates the customer service level and is largely concerned with customer satisfaction. The two often-used measures are order fill rate (order availability) and stockout rate (stock imit availabiUty). The former is based on the percentage of demand order filled from stock in total. The latter refers to the rate of stockouts and the duration of stockouts. 

In a similar fashion, four-fold ferrocenyl-functionalized perylene bipyridyl imide dyes were assembled to square array 8c [50]. The assemblies contain in total 20 redox active imits, including 4 perylene bisimide and 16 ferrocene moieties. Due to the twisted perylene backbone, the ferrocenyl units are divided into two groups from the viewpoint of their spatial location referred to the square cavity (cf. model in Fig. 2). Indeed, the redox behavior of the ferrocenyl units depends on their spatial arrangement as established by cyclic voltammetric investigation [50]. 

Mimetic Vieivpoint. Speakers can represent themselves as characters in their own narratives or they may mimic (imitate) the viewpoint of an itther—including both human and non-human others. When narrators as-... 

When miners represent their boss, they can imitate his actions, manner, and hand motions. When they represent a roof bolt mimetically, they hold their arms at an angle—like a wing nut. When they represent a roof fall mimetically, their arms embody the rock. They can represent the boss analytically as a small figure at arms length they can depict a roof bolt with two fingers and they can show how the rock falls with the flick of a finger. The taxonomy in this chapter helps us categorize each viewpoint in turn so that... 

Imitating Spaces. Miners also use mimetic viewpoints to depict the size of the physical spaces they must work in. Unlike conventional fish stories in which speakers use their hands to depict the size of objects from a view outside of the object, miners use their entire bodies to depict the magnitude of hazards they have observed. 

Mimetic Viewpoint Speech Imitates voice and tone of parrot. 

Both hands, fingers pointing toward each other, imitate rolling motion, repeat till end of phrase (analytic viewpoint gesture)... 

Mimetic viewpoint in gesture (Imitating geography). Mimetic viewpoint in speech (Imitating self). E5 repeats ge.sture pulling strata together. Her hands imitate the strata. 

Mimetic viewpoint in gesture (imitating geogre y). Analytic viewpoint in speech analytic perspective). Hands come together again, palms flat. E5 s hands imitate (a second time) the strata as it pulls together under the force of the nxjf bolt. Her speech explains the action that she depicts with her hands. 

Spin Right hand spins fist with index finger raised index finger makes a small vortex. Multiple viewpoints simultaneously RH imitates spin of the bolt, but not the action of a miner spinning the Kilt with a spanner. Libby watches her hand at a distance—from an analytic viewpoint of the observ er... 

In her first demonstration, Libby reenacts the role of a careful miner as she focuses on one critical moment in the process. When Libby demonstrates how to insert the bolt, her hand imitates the action of the bolt in the gestural space between audience and speaker. In this complex gesture, Libby does not dramatize how a miner would insert a bolt. Instead, Libby assumes an analytic viewpoint from which she can analyze, interpret, and reflect upon her own actions—creating a new understanding for herself as well as for her audience. 

Figure 7.5. E5 imitates the gestures of her manager. Although she talks about installing roof Kslts, she does not employ the characteristic torquing motions (like screwing in a light bulb) that experienced roof bolters employ when they describe how to install a roof holt. Her gestures demonstrate that manager and miner do not share similar viewpoints in relation to risk and safety.

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