Venous thrombosis intravenous

Frey JL, Muro GJ, McDougall CG, Dean BE, Jahnke HK. Cerebral venous thrombosis combined intrathrombus rtPA and intravenous heparin. Stroke 1999 30 489 94. 

Mechanical complications of PN are related to catheter placement and the system and equipment used to administer PN. A central venous catheter must be placed by a trained professional, and risks associated with placement include pneumothorax, arterial puncture, bleeding, hematoma formation, venous thrombosis, and air embolism.1,20 Over time, the catheter may require replacement. Problems with the equipment include malfunctions of the infusion pump, intravenous tubing sets, and filters. 

Administration of fibrinolytic drugs by the intravenous route is indicated in cases of pulmonary embolism with hemodynamic instability, severe deep venous thrombosis such as the superior vena caval syndrome, and ascending... 

Intravenous injection can lead to venous thrombosis. Intramuscular injection produces painful local irritation and should be avoided. 

Hull, R.D., et al. "Heparin for 5 Days as Compared with 10 Days in the Initial Treatment of Proximal Venous Thrombosis, N. Eng. J. Med., 1260 (May 3. 1990). Hull, R.D., etal. "Subcutaneous Low-Molecular-Weight Heparin Compared with Continuous Intravenous Hepann in the Treatment ol Proximal-Vein Thrombosis,"... 

I11 the therapy of deep venous thrombosis, heparin is commonly administered. This drug takes effect immediately to prevent further thrombus formation. However, heparin is regarded as a hazardous drug and possibly may be tlie leading cause of drug-related deaths 111 hospitalized patients who are relatively well. Usually administered intravenously, preferably by pump-dnven infusion at a constant rate rather than by intermittent injections, it sometimes may cause major bleeding, which is particularly hazardous if it is intracranial. The action of heparin can be terminated almost immediately by intravenous injection of protamine sulfate, but where there may be less urgency, vitamin Ki may be used. The vitamin preparation may be administered intravenously, intramuscularly, or subcutaneously. 

The indications for the use of heparin are described in the section on clinical pharmacology. A plasma concentration of heparin of 0.2-0.4 unit/mL (by protamine titration) or 0.3-0.7 unit/mL (anti-Xa units) usually prevents pulmonary emboli in patients with established venous thrombosis. This concentration of heparin will prolong the activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) to 2-2.5 times that of the control value. This degree of anticoagulant effect should be maintained throughout the course of continuous intravenous heparin therapy. When intermittent heparin administration is used, the aPTT should be measured 6 hours after the administered dose to maintain prolongation of the aPTT to 2-2.5 times that of the control value. 

During cardiac catheterization, intravenous anticoagulation is given to prevent venous thrombosis and left-sided emboli. In... 

Venous thrombosis is a recognized complication of tricyclic antidepressants. Thrombosis of the cerebral veins occurred in a 61-year-old woman after intravenous... 

Urea is also an intravenous preparation (1 to 1.5 g/kg 0.45 to 0.68 g/lb [30% solution] by slow infusion not to exceed 4 ml/min or 120 g/d). It has a lower molecular weight than mannitol and less of a diuretic effect. Urea is contraindicated in the presence of an intracranial hemorrhage. Urea may increase risk of venous thrombosis and hemoglobinuria in patients who are hypothermic. 

Sieunarine K, White GH. FuU-thickness burn and venous thrombosis following intravenous infusion of microwave-heated crystalloid fluids. Bums 1996 22(7) 568-9. 

If appropriately diluted and infused intravenously, diclofenac is usually well tolerated, although local venous thrombosis has been described (SEDA-17,109). 

Go RS, Call TG. Deep venous thrombosis of the arm after intravenous immunoglobulin infusion case report and literature review of intravenous immunoglobulin-related thrombotic complications. Mayo Clin Proc 2000 75(l) 83-5. 

Tetracyclines bind to calcium and then become deposited in bone, causing damage to developing bone and teeth. Intravenous administration of tetracyclines has been observed to cause venous thrombosis. 

Thrombolytics include tissue plasminogen activator (tPA, recombinant) and streptokinase (bacterial). They are used intravenously for short-term emergency management of coronary thromboses in myocardial infarction (MI), deep venous thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, and ischemic stroke (tPA). 

Care should be applied when it is injected intravenously as perivenous infiltration may cause cellulitis, phlebitis and venous thrombosis ( 1). 

Deep venous thrombosis occurred in a bed-bound patient, and acute renal failure in a patient with diabetic nephropathy after intravenous immunoglobulin [40 ]. 

Immobilization of the enzyme urokinase has also been utilized [35-37], Urokinase is used chnically as a thrombolytic agent in the treatment of severe or deep venous thrombosis and occluded intravenous cannulas made with SPUs. 

Venous thrombosis A case study reported the occurrence of venous thrombosis witiiin 1 h after intravenous application of desmopressin to a 76-year-old women with idiopathic diabetes insipidus 5 days after free flap transfer, highlighf-ing the potential risk of thrombotic incidents when desmopressin is used following microsurgical procedures [88 ]. 

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