Nephrosclerosis, vascular

Balkan nephropathy is non-destructive and noninflammatory tubulointerstitial renal disease [69]. The changes are non-specific and in the chronic, sclerotic phase they may be quite similar to changes observed in other chronic interstitial diseases such as analgesic nephropathy [70], vascular nephrosclerosis [69] cyclosporine-induced nephropathy [71], radiation nephritis [72,73] and aging [72], intoxication with silicate, cadmium, lead, uranium [74], mycotoxin ochratoxin... 

Changes on kidney arterioles have been described suggesting that the changes in early stage of the disease may be responsible for the development of multifocal, ischemic, vascular nephrosclerosis encountered in chronic stages of the disease [67, 70]. On the other hand, close similarity of Balkan nephropathy with an-... 

Vascular nephropathy in prolonged hypertension is associated with a degeneration of the arterial walls. The resulting nephrosclerosis is due to the loss of functional glomeruli, leading to diminished renal function. 

Coronary artery disease, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia Vascular changes, cerebrovascular disease, retinal microaneurysms Nephrosclerosis, renal disease Weakness, paresthesias, peripheral neuritis, cranial nerve injury, pain, footdrop, abnormal gait, tremor, choreiform movements, optic neuritis, polyneuropathy, parkinsonism, headache, electroencephalogram changes, retrobulbar neuritis... 

The types of tumour which cause a permanent hypertension, and which may be preceded by a stage of paroxysmal hypertension, frequently simulate essential hypertension or, in the course of a prolonged development, a malignant nephrosclerosis. Alterations in the vascularity of the retina, proteinuria, and an increasing reduction of the renal functions, are the consequences. The relatively frequent occurrence of such symptoms make it necessary to take the phaeochromocytoma into consideration as a possible cause of every hypertension of long duration. It may also be the cause of a diabetes resistance to insulin and accompanied by hypertension, or the simultaneous occurrence of hypertension and an increased basal metabolic rate together with a normal radio-iodine absorption by the thyroid gland. The illness is very improbable in the obese. 

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